Bei dem Vorhaben werden die Verfahren Breitverteilung der Guelle, Einschlitzen in den Boden, Ausbringung mit dem Schleppschlauch und dem Schleppschuh auf Dauergruenland zweier Standorte bei zwei Ausbringungsterminen (Maerz und Mai) miteinander verglichen. Versuchsfragen: - Optimale Einsatzpunkte bezueglich Termin und Grashoehe, - Einfluesse auf Futterverschmutzung und Konservierungseignung, - Beeinflussung von Ertrag und Qualitaet des Aufwuchses, - Auswirkung auf Verkrautung und Vergrasung der Gruenlandnarbe, - Veraenderung von Bodenkennwerten, - Stickstoff- und Geruchsemissionen (Universitaet Kiel). Ergebnisse: Die bodennahen Ausbringungsverfahren reduzieren die gasfoermigen N-Verluste und die Geruchsentwicklung. Gegenueber der Breitverteilung weisen das Schleppschlauch- und Schleppschuhverfahren hoehere Ertraege auf.
Egypt passed a revolution and changed its political system, but many problems are still lacking a solution. Especially in the field of water the North African country has to face many challenges. Most urgent are strategies to manage the limited water resources. About 80% of the available water resources are consumed for agriculture and the rest are for domestic and industrial activities. The management of these resources is inefficient and a huge amount of fresh water is discarded. The shortage of water supply will definitely influence the economic and cultural development of Egypt. In 2010, Egypt was ranked number 8 out of 165 nations reviewed in the so-called Water Security Risk Index published by Maplecroft. The ranking of each country in the index depends mainly on four key factors, i.e. access to improved drinking water and sanitation, the availability of renewable water and the reliance on external supplies, the relationship between available water and supply demands, and the water dependency of each countrys economy. Based on this study, the situation of water in Egypt was identified as extremely risky. A number of programs and developed strategies aiming to efficiently manage the usage of water resources have been carried out in the last few years by the Egyptian Government. But all these activities, however, require the availability of trained and well-educated individuals in water technology fields. Unfortunately, the number of water science graduates are decreasing and also there are few teaching and training courses for water science offered in Egypt. However, there is still a demand for several well-structured and international programs to fill the gap and provide the Egyptian fresh graduates with the adequate and up-to-date theoretical and practical knowledge available for water technology. IWaTec is designed to fill parts of this gap.
Entwicklung biologisch abbaubarer flüssig applizierbarer Bodenbeschichtungen. Weiterentwicklung von Rezepturen mit angepassten Hafteigenschaften, Lebensdauer und Härte, um folgende Ziele zu erreichen: - physikalische Bodenstabilisierung gegen Erosion, - Reduktion des Unkrautdrucks, - Wasserrückhalt/Wasserspeicherung um das Pflanzenwachstum zu fördern. Entwicklung einer Vorgehensweise zur Beeinflussung und Bestimmung der biologischen Abbaubarkeit von CBAB nach dem geplanten Ende der Nutzungsdauer.
Cloppenburg. Aufgrund der starken Verkrautung ihrer Gewässersohle wird der Niedersächsische Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirtschaft, Küsten- und Naturschutz (NLWKN) die Lager Hase auf der gesamten Gewässerbreite mähen. Die Arbeiten betreffen das Gebiet vom Zusammenfluss der Lager Hase mit dem Essener Kanal in Ahausen bis zur Einmündung des Dinklager Mühlenbaches und der Aue in Wulfenau. Sie beginnen am Montag, den 25. September 2023, und dauern voraussichtlich etwa drei Wochen. Aufgrund der starken Verkrautung ihrer Gewässersohle wird der Niedersächsische Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirtschaft, Küsten- und Naturschutz (NLWKN) die Lager Hase auf der gesamten Gewässerbreite mähen. Die Arbeiten betreffen das Gebiet vom Zusammenfluss der Lager Hase mit dem Essener Kanal in Ahausen bis zur Einmündung des Dinklager Mühlenbaches und der Aue in Wulfenau. Sie beginnen am Montag, den 25. September 2023, und dauern voraussichtlich etwa drei Wochen. „Der zeitweise niedrige Wasserstand der vergangenen Wochen und geringe Fließgeschwindigkeiten verbunden mit einer starken Sonneneinstrahlung haben zu einem üppigen Wachstum der Wasserpflanzen geführt, die ein Abflusshindernis bilden. Unsere Arbeiten sind deshalb zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt erforderlich und dienen der Hochwasservorbeugung“, erläutert Siegfried Müller von der für die Unterhaltung der Lager Hase zuständigen NLWKN-Betriebsstelle Cloppenburg. Der NLWKN bittet Anglerinnen und Angler, die in diesem Gewässerabschnitt Aalreusen oder andere Fanggeräte ausgelegt haben, diese Vorrichtungen vor Beginn der Arbeiten des NLWKN zu entfernen, da für eventuelle Schäden keine Haftung übernommen werden kann.
A challenging area of anaerobic digestion (AD) research remains largely unchartered with respect to understanding the role of trace metals (TMs) in enabling biogas production. This major knowledge gap and scientific challenge is a multifaceted problem involving metal chemistry, physical interactions of metal and solids, microbiology and technology optimisation. Moreover, the fate of TMs, and the chemical speciation and transport of TMs, in environments - often agricultural lands - receiving discharge waters from AD is completely unknown. The Action aims to grow a critical mass of stakeholders interested in understanding trace metal bioavailability and microbial interactions in anaerobic environments and soils. Five working groups (i.e. Chemical speciation and bioavailability; Microbiology; Engineering; Fate of TMs in the environment; and Modeling) are defined, where cooperation between, and integration of, the working groups will be emphasized. The COST Action will allow the establishment of a strong European network, including Early-Stage Researchers. The problem has major environmental, economic and social significance, and the network will disseminate findings to the scientific community, water industry, policy makers and the rest of society.
Water scarcity is increasing in many regions of the world. There are three levels on which competition for water occurs: between countries, among different sectors within one country such as agriculture, industry and urban consumers and among different producers within one sector. Because of the common pool properties of water the degree of government intervention in this sector is strong and political lobbying is common. In this project a regionalized CGE (Computable General Equilibrium) shall be developed in which water is incorporated as an intermediate input differentiated according to water quality. This will allow to analyze the effects of various water price and policy scenarios from an efficiency as well as a distributive perspective.
Vegetation & Ecosystems: Within the vegetation research statistical and special hyperspectral analysis procedures are used to develop new methods to predict canopy biochemistry, such as nitrogen and carbon concentration or water content. Biochemical processes are all related to the foliar chemistry of vegetation and thus to the carbon and nitrogen cycles. Hence, biochemical information products contribute to many environmental applications. For instance ecosystem models can be parameterized with the generated products that can help to better understand CO2 fluxes and net primary production (NPP) in the framework of the Kyoto Protocol. Traditional measurement of forest canopy level biochemistry is time-consuming, expensive and spatially constrained. Remote sensing allows for repeatable and continuous prediction of biochemical information over a wide spatial scale and thus facilitates the understanding of ecosystem functions. For the retrieval of biochemistry products to be used for environmental applications, the transfer of the developed methods from airborne hyperspectral to spaceborne data is fundamental. This transfer involves spectral and spatial up-scaling. Additionally, spaceborne reflectance data contain angular effects due to the sensor field of view and observation geometry, which can finally influence biochemistry estimates. However, multi-angular reflectance data contain added information about vegetation structure. Since correct biochemistry mapping is linked to accurate vegetation structure, forest biochemistry products may be improved with multi-angular data. Our goals in the field of biochemistry prediction are to transfer the developed airborne-based methods to spaceborne data and to evaluate different methods for up-scaling. Water resources: The SNF project targets at the key aim of the joint EU, ESA GMES initiative to establish operational services for the assessment of water resources in terms of quality, quantity and usage. It has been defined as a major challenge in the scope of GMES activities and it is of crucial importance in most developing countries and at a global level (EC, 2005). RSL is developing new methodology (semi-empirical and analytical methods) for the retrieval of water constituents in order to establish scientific algorithm development activities with special emphasis on APEX retrieval algorithms for water constituent s retrieval and the discrimination of macro phytes and algae types. Thanks to the unique performance, the APEX instrument will facilitate the observation of regional scale features (e.g., Harmful Algae Blooms) and enable the study of complex waters with unprecedented accuracy. The development of remote sensing algorithms to retrieve phytoplankton species and physiology is a challenging endeavor of high importance to assess biological activities in the water and therefore water quality by better means. (abridged text)
The aim of SIPE is to promote and increase the use of research results in support of Standards (related to the compartments air, water, soil and waste) to stakeholders from RTD, Standardisation bodies, policy and enterprises/SMEs. A dedicated www-based Standards Information Portal (SIPE-RTD) will be developed and implemented. Easy transfer of information is facilitated by an input module (SIPIS) and a document repository. An Interfacing Group, consisting of stakeholders representatives will be invited to comment on the initial concept and to steer the development of the portal. They shall be instrumental to ensure that SIPE-RTD develops into a fit-for-use and sustainable entity. EC FP-funded research projects in support of Standards and their results, and Standards related to the mentioned sectors will be listed. EC Directives in these areas and their policy tasks will be collated. The same set of keywords will be used to describe all data sets. This pool of (Standards related) keywords will be interlinked by algorithms into a Categorisation scheme of keywords. This scheme will be the basis for the interactions within and between the stakeholder communities, and be used for gap analyses. Information on RTD projects (and their results), information on Standards and Directives will be entered into SIPE-RTD. Short descriptions in non-scientific language will be entered together with web-links. To maximise dissemination to all stakeholders the target audiences will be defined and their networks/professional organisations will be mapped. Dissemination will be two-way: inform all stakeholders on the activities of the SIPE project and inform all on the benefits of SIPE-RTD as an important tool in communication between different Standards communities. The Interfacing Group and a Stakeholder Network will test and validate SIPE-RTD and support dissemination to their respective audiences.
Cloppenburg – Auf Grund der starken Verkrautung ihrer Gewässersohle wird der NLWKN (Niedersächsischer Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirtschaft, Küsten- und Naturschutz) die Lager Hase von ihrem Zusammenfluss mit dem Essener Kanal in Ahausen bis zur Einmündung des Dinklager Mühlenbaches und der Aue in Wulfenau auf der gesamten Gewässerbreite mähen. „Die Arbeiten beginnen am Montag und dauern etwa drei Wochen. Wir bitten die Angler, die in diesem Gewässerabschnitt Aalreusen oder andere Fanggeräte ausgelegt haben, diese Vorrichtungen vor Maßnahmenbeginn zu entfernen, da für Schäden keine Haftung übernommen werden kann“, erklärte Siegfried Müller vom NLWKN in Cloppenburg. Der niedrige Wasserstand der letzten Wochen, geringe Fließgeschwindigkeiten verbunden mit einer starken Sonneneinstrahlung haben zu einem üppigen Wachstum der Wasserpflanzen geführt, die ein Abflusshindernis bilden. „Die Maßnahme dient daher sowohl der Hochwasservorbeugung als auch der Gewässerökologie“, ergänzte Müller.
Black carbon (BC) residues from the incomplete combustion of vegetation and fossil fuels are ubiquitous in soil, sediment and water. Due to its stability, BC is an important component of the slow cycling global carbon pool. Analysis of BC in environmental matrices such as soils and sediments is complicated by its diverse nature. Sediments are the quantitatively most important sink in the global black carbon cycle and represent archives of BC deposition on local and regional scales, but the identification and apportionment of the BC sources (fossil fuel combustion versus vegetation fires) remain unclear to date. Benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCA) are molecular markers specific for BC and are used to measure quantity and quality of BC. The method provides information about the degree of condensation and allows characterization of different forms of BC (e.g. charcoal, soot). Recent advances in BPCA analysis improved the method in terms of sample preparation and made analyses faster and more accurate. Compound specific radiocarbon (14C) dating is a powerful tool in geochemistry and archaeological sciences to trace the fate of specific molecules in soils and sediments. Up to now, 14C measurements are inaccurate for BC, as established methods measure 14C contents of oxidation resistant bulk carbon. In the proposed research project, I will follow a novel approach for BPCA separation with subsequent determination of its 14C contents. This technique will allow to precisely estimate the apportionment of sources of BC found in sediments and the age of black carbon in soils. In this project I will take advantage of an existing set of well-dated lake sediment samples. These sediment cores feature undisturbed lamination, thus providing a high-resolution record of BC depositions over more than two centuries. Analyzing this unique sample set, the qualitative and quantitative information yielded by the BPCA method and the novel approach for radiocarbon dating of BC molecular markers will be used to construct a historical record of black carbon emissions. The data will be used to apportion the measured BC concentrations to either fossil fuel or biomass burning since pre-industrial times and to identify the type of BC being preferentially preserved in aquatic sediments. The outcome of the project will help to elucidate the environmental fate of BC and will be an important contribution to the accurate calculation of a global BC budget.
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