The aim of this project is to co-estimate models of the core and ionosphere magnetic fields, with the longer-term view of building a 'comprehensive' model of the Earths magnetic field. In this first step we would like to take advantage of the progresses made in the understanding of the ionosphere by global M-I-T modelling to better separate the core and ionospheric signals in satellite data. The magnetic signal generated in the ionosphere is particularly difficult to handle because satellite data provide only information on a very narrow local time window at a time. To get around this difficulty, we would like to apply a technique derived from assimilation methods and that has been already successfully applied in outer-core flow studies. The technique relies on a theoretical model of the ionosphere such as the Upper Atmosphere Model (UAM), where statistics on the deviations from a simple background model are estimated. The derived statistics provided in a covariance matrix format can then be use directly in the magnetic data inversion process to obtain the expected core and ionospheric models. We plan to apply the technique on the German CHAMP satellite data selected for magnetically quiet times. As an output we should obtain a model of the ionospheric magnetic variation field tailored for the selected data and a core-lithosphere field model where possible leakage from ionospheric signals are avoided or at least reduced. The technique can in theory be easily extended to handle the large-scale field generated in the magnetosphere.
In praxisgerechten Freiland-Lysimetern, die den Einsatz 14C-markierter Wirkstoffe erlauben, sind in den letzten Jahren verschiedene Herbizide, Fungizide und Insektizide auf ihren Abbau und ihre Verlagbarkeit mit dem Sickerwasser untersucht worden. Die bisher erzielten Ergebnisse koennen dahingehend zusammengefasst werden, dass der ueberwiegende Anteil neu entwickelter Stoffe rasch im Boden abgebaut wird und nicht oder nur vereinzelt in Spuren im Sickerwasser zu finden ist.
In Saeulenversuchen, Abbauversuchen unter konstanten und variierenden Klimabedingungen und Batchversuchen zur Bindungsfaehigkeit werden in Hinblick auf die mathematische Simulation des Stoffverhaltens Daten erarbeitet. Forschungsziel ist es dabei, solche Laborversuche im Hinblick auf ihre Eignung zur Verwendung in Simulationsmodellen zu ueberpruefen und zu optimieren.
Eine stärkere Nutzung der Bahn ist zentral für die erforderliche Verkehrswende. Das Vorhaben soll folgende vier Aspekte untersuchen: 1. Ländervergleich: Was macht die Verkehrspolitik in Sachen Schiene in anderen Ländern besser? In einem internationalen Vergleich (z.B. A/CH/SWE/GB/F/I) soll analysiert werden, wie es andere Länder erreicht haben durch eine Attraktivierung der Bahn mehr Kunden (SPFV+SGV) zu gewinnen. 2. Vertiefte verkehrspolitische Analysen: Sind die umwelt- und verkehrspolitischen Ziele für die Schiene erreicht oder benötigt es veränderte politische Rahmensetzungen, z.B. durch eine zweite Bahnreform? Inwieweit unterstützen die Ziele der Bahnreform die Ziele einer aus Umweltsicht wünschenswerten Bahnpolitik? Mögliche Forschungsfragen: Inwieweit kann eine erfolgreich umgesetzte Bahnreform zu einer höheren Nachfrage im SPFV / SGV führen? Wenn ja, über welche Dimensionen wettbewerblicher Bahnpolitik kann diese Nachfrage stimuliert werden (z.B. niedrigere Preise/Weiterentwicklung der TP/höhere Angebotsqualität)? Kann eine erfolgreich umgesetzte Bahnreform die erwünschte höhere Nachfrage im SPFV / SGV ökonomisch effizienter realisieren als dies über andere Maßnahmen (z.B. höhere Investitionen ohne begleitende wettbewerbliche Instrumente) geschehen kann? 3. Nutzungsanforderungen im SPFV: Für eine größere Verlagerung muss sich das Angebot stärker an den Interessen und Bedürfnissen der Nutzer*innen orientieren. Hierzu ist eine tiefere empirische Analyse zu den diesbezüglichen Qualitätsanforderungen notwendig 4. System Güterbahn stärken: Welche Chancen und Hemmnisse gibt es, die eine stärkere Marktdurchdringung der Güterbahnen auf den Verkehrsmärkten ermöglichen bzw. verhindern? Analyse des Bahnsystems zur Formulierung passgenauer Handlungsempfehlungen: Wie können Betriebsabläufe optimiert werden? Wie durchlässig ist die Branche für Innovationen? Wie und zu welchen Kosten und unter welchen Rahmenbedingungen können Güterbahnen wettbewerbsfähiger werden?
Im Rahmen des Vorhabens zur Verlagerung von Groß- und Schwerguttransporten auf die Wasserstraße wur-den Infrastrukturdaten von Häfen und von Objekten in der Zuständigkeit der WSV erhoben. Seit Juni 2021 wurden erste Infrastrukturdaten freigegeben, so dass die Daten über eine API-Schnittstelle abgerufen werden können. Bis Ende 2023 sollen weitere potenzielle Umschlagstellen in ganz Deutschland erfasst werden, um ein flächendeckendes Netz zu schaffen.
Due to ecological reasons and because of the need to remain independent from foreign energy suppliers, the power generation in offshore wind parks becomes more and more important in Germany. It is therefore planned to build up approximately 1,300 new offshore wind power plants with a capacity of 6,500 MW near the German coastline until 2020. The structures are installed on the ground of the sea in a water depth that might in some cases reach 50 m. The mechanical loading situation for these structures is characterised by an enormous weight combined with high cyclic stresses resulting from the service loads and the tide. Hence, hot rolled steels with a yield strength of 355 MPa are employed in a maximum thickness of 100 mm. Until now, the required toughness properties for these structural steels and their welds are 40 J at -20 C. However, in a plate thickness of 100 mm, only the submerged arc welding (SAW) process can be used to guarantee such toughness properties, but especially in these heavy plates, submerged arc welding is rather time consuming and consequently more uneconomic compared to other welding techniques. Due to these disadvantages, it can even be expected that only part of the planned power plants will be built up in time as the high welding time of several hours per m causes too many delays. From the point of structural integrity, it can be argued wether a Charpy impact toughness of 40 J is really required, as this criterion is only set based on experiences of mechanical and civil engineers. Thus, it can be concluded that different welding techniques should be regarded as alternatives to SAW in case that the 'real' toughness requirements are less than 40 J at -20 C. Electron beam welding would be a favourable welding process for such heavy plates as even 100 m thick plates can be welded in one single step, but until now the toughness requirements of 40 J have not yet been met. It is therefore the aim of the research project to reinforce the electron beam welding process for the application to heavy plates in offshore wind power plants. To reach this aim, the following tasks are be carried out: - improvement of the electron beam welding process in order to achieve better toughness properties of the welds, - application of reliable fracture mechanics concepts in order to calculate realisitc toughness requirements. With regard to the process, already a this stage of the project an enormous improvement of the toughness properties of EB weld seams could be demonstrated based on optimisation of the welding process. Furthermore, it could be shown that by establishing the leakage before breakage criterion combined with regular inspections, the toughness requirements can be significantly reduced. Thus, the EB welding can be applied to offshore wind energy installations even if steels of higher yield strength (e.g. S460Q) are selected.
Changes in European agricultural landscapes have gained on intensification in the second half of the last century. Among others, they are driven by global change phenomena such as climate change, demographic change and migration, increasing global bio-energy demands and changing human diets as well as by trade liberalisation, technological progress, and leakage effects of land use policy interventions. Farmers usually respond to such changes by adapting production and land use systems to efficiently utilize and manage their farm resource endowments. However, this process often leads to adverse impacts on the diversity of agricultural landscapes and environmental qualities. EU policies have been formulated as a reaction to singular or sectoral problems (e.g. the Common Agricultural Policy, the Water Framework Directive, the Nitrates Directive, NATURA2000), which are usually differently implemented among member states by using a variety of legislative or incentive based instruments. Consequently, more coordination among policies is required to minimize the trade-offs between different land use policy targets (i.e. land conservation versus boosting biomass production), and between private (adaptive) and societal (mitigative) land use benefits. Mitigation and adaptation are often separately analysed due to the nature of the problem i.e. mitigation is often considered as public good versus adaptation as private or club good. However, it is necessary to consider both in assessing the mutual benefits of cost-effective land uses and farm mitigation and adaptation measures, which mainly depend on spatial heterogeneity of natural and farming conditions. Consequently, it is important to consider bio-physical, ecological, and economic relationships in assessing the mitigative (public) and adaptive (private) potentials and trade-offs of alternative land uses and farm management measures.In this project we implement a data-model-policy fusion concept, which shall guarantee cost-effective mitigation and adaptation of farms and sustainable landscape and biodiversity developments in the context of climate, market, and policy instrument changes. The concept is applied to two case-study landscapes in the Mostviertel region in Austria and contains an integrated spatially explicit modelling framework to simulate the land use changes at field, farm, and landscape level as well as cost-effective farm mitigation and adaptation portfolios. The land use changes are assessed with farm economic, biodiversity, abiotic, and landscape indicators including GIS-modelling and field observations. Biodiversity effects are central in the integrated assessment acknowledging the roles of landscape structure and land use intensity. Geo-referenced land uses and land use attributes are a major interface in the data-model-policy fusion concept. The results will help farmers and regional stakeholders to identify best management practices for climate change mitigation and adaptation i
Changes in European agricultural landscapes have gained on intensification in the second half of the last century. Among others, they are driven by global change phenomena such as climate change, demographic change and migration, increasing global bio-energy demands and changing human diets as well as by trade liberalisation, technological progress, and leakage effects of land use policy interventions. Farmers usually respond to such changes by adapting production and land use systems to efficiently utilize and manage their farm resource endowments. However, this process often leads to adverse impacts on the diversity of agricultural landscapes and environmental qualities. EU policies have been formulated as a reaction to singular or sectoral problems (e.g. the Common Agricultural Policy, the Water Framework Directive, the Nitrates Directive, NATURA2000), which are usually differently implemented among member states by using a variety of legislative or incentive based instruments. Consequently, more coordination among policies is required to minimize the trade-offs between different land use policy targets (i.e. land conservation versus boosting biomass production), and between private (adaptive) and societal (mitigative) land use benefits. Mitigation and adaptation are often separately analysed due to the nature of the problem i.e. mitigation is often considered as public good versus adaptation as private or club good. However, it is necessary to consider both in assessing the mutual benefits of cost-effective land uses and farm mitigation and adaptation measures, which mainly depend on spatial heterogeneity of natural and farming conditions. Consequently, it is important to consider bio-physical, ecological, and economic relationships in assessing the mitigative (public) and adaptive (private) potentials and trade-offs of alternative land uses and farm management measures.In this project we implement a data-model-policy fusion concept, which shall guarantee cost-effective mitigation and adaptation of farms and sustainable landscape and biodiversity developments in the context of climate, market, and policy instrument changes. The concept is applied to two case-study landscapes in the Mostviertel region in Austria and contains an integrated spatially explicit modelling framework to simulate the land use changes at field, farm, and landscape level as well as cost-effective farm mitigation and adaptation portfolios. The land use changes are assessed with farm economic, biodiversity, abiotic, and landscape indicators including GIS-modelling and field observations. Biodiversity effects are central in the integrated assessment acknowledging the roles of landscape structure and land use intensity. Geo-referenced land uses and land use attributes are a major interface in the data-model-policy fusion concept. The results will help farmers and regional stakeholders to identify best management practices for climate change mitigation and adaptation i
Problemstellung und Ziel: Die Prognose von Auswirkungen anthropogener oder natürlicher Änderungen der Abflussverhältnisse und/oder der Gewässersohle auf die Grundwasserdynamik setzt eine hinreichende Abbildung der Austauschprozesse zwischen Grund- und Oberflächenwasserströmung voraus. Derzeit ist die Bestimmung der sensitiven Leakage-Parameter mit großen Unsicherheiten behaftet. Auf Grundlage von Naturbeobachtungen im Rahmen einer Deichrückverlegung sollen fundiertere Erkenntnisse über die Kolmationsprozesse, die den Austausch zwischen den Wasserkörpern bestimmen, gewonnen werden. Bedeutung für die WSV: Aufgrund von Nutzungskonflikten zwischen Schifffahrt, Wasserversorgern und Naturschutz werden im Rahmen von Genehmigungsverfahren von hydrogeologischen Gutachten belastbare Aussagen zu den Auswirkungen wasserbaulicher Anpassungsmaßmahmen gefordert. Hierbei werden zunehmend auch langfristige Veränderungen als Folge eines Klimawandels berücksichtigt. Es ist zu erwarten, dass Einwender zunehmend auf Modellergebnissen basierende Argumente gegen Vorhaben erarbeiten. Vor diesem Hintergrund muss die BAW die Stärken und Schwächen der unterschiedlichen Modellansätze sowie die Zuverlässlichkeit der auf Grundlage dieser Modelle erstellten Prognosen - gerade bei Langzeitbetrachtungen - fundiert bewerten können. Untersuchungsmethoden: Aufgrund des instationären Charakters der betrachteten Austauschprozesse erscheinen gekoppelte Modelle geeignet, die extrem sensitiven jedoch äußerst schwer zu bestimmenden Leakageparameter besser zu erfassen. Hierbei werden Einströmungsereignisse modelliert und - wie bisher auch - die Leakageparameter kalibriert. Aus der Differenz zwischen den betrachteten Grundwasserständen und den Modellergebnissen sollen auf Grundlage hinreichend aufgelöster Messungen Erkenntnisse über die zeitliche Variabilität der Kolmationsprozessen (im Wechsel von Überflutung, Einstau und Trockenfallen) gewonnen werden.
When predicting processes in the subsurface, the need for uncertainty quantification and risk assessment is evident. Yet, this is merely the first within a full spectrum of tasks in stochastic modelling, which includes calibration, robust design, optimal monitoring and predictive control. Monte-Carlo simulation is the most simple and universally applicable option for stochastic modelling, but its computational costs become strictly prohibitive when joining it with the above follow-up tasks. Polynomial chaos expansions (PCE) are computationally much more efficient, and receive a quickly increasing attention. However, only little work has been done to make PCE available to the full spectrum of tasks. The proposed work will make PCE accessible for the full spectrum of tasks named above. We will develop a new, integrative and efficient framework, where all involved quantities will be treated via an overall functional approximation that represents the systems behaviour within the entire range of un-certain parameters, design or control variables. Thus, the strongly increased computational costs of follow-up tasks will be drastically mitigated. We will further reduce storage requirements and improve computational efficiency via data-sparse and low-rank tensor representations throughout all tasks. The drastic gain in computational efficiency will finally allow tackling advanced follow-up tasks for full-scale, complex and real-world problems, even under uncertainty. We will demonstrate this by application to CO2 injection into the deep subsurface. Site characterization and selection, design and control of injection strategies under uncertainty, as well as optimal monitoring of CO2 leakage to the surface will be performed within the new framework, leading to better assessment, management and reduction of the involved risks.
| Origin | Count |
|---|---|
| Bund | 24 |
| Type | Count |
|---|---|
| Förderprogramm | 23 |
| unbekannt | 1 |
| License | Count |
|---|---|
| offen | 24 |
| Language | Count |
|---|---|
| Deutsch | 11 |
| Englisch | 14 |
| Resource type | Count |
|---|---|
| Keine | 21 |
| Webseite | 3 |
| Topic | Count |
|---|---|
| Boden | 21 |
| Lebewesen & Lebensräume | 22 |
| Luft | 18 |
| Mensch & Umwelt | 24 |
| Wasser | 17 |
| Weitere | 24 |