Auswertung der Abfallbilanzen der öffentlich-rechtlichen Entsorgungsträger und der Betreiberberichte der Abfallentsorgungsanlagen des Landes M-V (z.B. Darstellung der getrennt erfassten Abfälle zur Verwertung, des Aufkommens an Restabfällen aus privaten Haushaltungen sowie der Zusammensetzung der Abfälle).
Mofetten sind natürliche Gasaustritte, an denen CO2 entlang von Störungszonen aus dem Erdmantel aufsteigt und stellen als solche natürliche Fenster zu magmatischen/vulkanischen Prozessen in der Tiefe dar. Ziel der vorgeschlagenen Untersuchungen an Mofetten ist der physikalische Zusammenhang zwischen Fluideigenschaften, ihrer Migrationspfade und Erdbeben. Der Einsatz modernste Fluidmesstechnik stellt einen komplett neuen Ansatz dar im Vergleich zur Strategie diskreter Probennahmen während der letzten Jahrzehnte. Zusammensetzung und isotopische Signatur der Gase werden kontinuierlich in-situ in verschiedenen Tiefen analysiert. Weltweit einmalig, lassen sich so die aufsteigenden Mantelfluide entlang eines vertikalen Geradienten aus einer Tiefe von mehreren Hundert Metern bis an die Erdoberfläche verfolgen. Dies kann Hinweise auf die Ursache zeitlicher Veränderungen geben, die in Zusammenhang mit der Öffnung von fault-valves, der Zumischung krustaler Fluide zu einer stetigen Mantelentgasung, oder einer möglichen Freisetzung von Wasserstoff bei Bruchvorgängen stehen. Als Untersuchungsobjekt wurde die Hartousov Mofette ausgewählt. Detaillierte Messungen vor, während und nach der Bohrung eines 300 m tiefen Bohrlochs geben Aufschluss über einen möglichen Einfluss der Bohrtätigkeiten auf das lokale und regionale Fluidregime. Periodisch werden Proben zur Edelgasanalytik und detaillierten Isotopenanalyse entnommen. Die Arbeiten stehen in direktem Zusammenhang mit der für 2019 geplanten Fluidbohrung im Rahmen ICDP Projektes 'Drilling the Eger Rift: Magmatic fluids driving the earthquake swarms and the deep biosphere'.
The European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) consists of more than 100 organisations assembling marine data, products and metadata to make these fragmented data resources more available to public and private users relying on quality-assured, standardised and harmonised marine data which are interoperable and free of restrictions on use. EMODnet is currently in its fourth phase. BGR participates in the EMODnet Geology theme and is coordinating the “seafloor geology” work package from the beginning. In cooperation with the project partners BGR compiles and harmonises GIS data layers on the topics geomorphology, pre-Quaternary and Quaternary geology and provides those, based on INSPIRE principles, via the EMODnet Geology portal https://www.emodnet-geology.eu/map-viewer/. These map layers present the pre-Quaternary and the Quaternary sea-floor geology and Geomorphology of the European Seas, semantically harmonized based on the INSPIRE data specifications for Geology, including the terms for lithology, age, event environment, event process. The data are compiled from the project partners, the national geological survey organizations of the participating countries. The data set represents the most detailed available data compilation of the European Seas using a multi-resolution approach. Data completeness depending on the availability of data and actual mapping campaigns. This open and freely accessible product was made available by the EMODnet Geology project (https://www.emodnet-geology.eu/), implemented by EMODnet Geology Phase IV partners, and funded by the European Commission Directorate General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. These data were compiled by BGR from the EMODnet IV Geology partners. All ownership rights of the original data remain with the data originators, who are acknowledged within the attribute values of each map feature.
Die Kompostierung der organischen Haushaltsabfaelle erfolgt auf speziell dafuer eingerichteten Plaetzen. Waehrend des Kompostierungsvorganges werden regelmaessige Messungen von Temperatur und pH-Wert vorgenommen. Das Kompostierungsprodukt wird chemischen Analysen unterzogen, wobei die quantitative Bestimmung von Schadstoffen und von verschiedenen Naehrstoffen wie Stickstoff, Kohlenstoff u.a. im Vordergrund steht. Als Ziel wird die zukuenftige sinnvolle Verwertung der organischen Abfaelle aus den Haushalten in Gartenbau und Landwirtschaft angestrebt.
Comprehension of belowground competition between plant species is a central part in understanding the complex interactions in intercropped agricultural systems, between crops and weeds as well as in natural ecosystems. So far, no simple and rapid method for species discrimination of roots in the soil exists. We will be developing a method for root discrimination of various species based on Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)-Attenuated Total Reflexion (ATR) Spectroscopy and expanding its application to the field. The absorbance patterns of FTIR-ATR spectra represent the chemical sample composition like an individual fingerprint. By means of multivariate methods, spectra will be grouped according to spectral and chemical similarity in order to achieve species discrimination. We will investigate pea and oat roots as well as maize and barnyard grass roots using various cultivars/proveniences grown in the greenhouse. Pea and oat are recommendable species for intercropping to achieve superior grain and protein yields in an environmentally sustainable manner. To evaluate the effects of intercropping on root distribution in the field, root segments will be measured directly at the soil profile wall using a mobile FTIR spectrometer. By extracting the main root compounds (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates) and recording their FTIR-ATR spectra as references, we will elucidate the chemical basis of species-specific differences.
Ziel dieses Forschungsvorhabens ist es, den in Gebietskoerperschaften anfallenden Gewerbeabfall im Hinblick auf seine stofflichen und thermischen Verwertungspotentiale zu untersuchen. Hierzu werden umfangreiche Studien in verschiedenen Bundeslaendern durchgefuehrt.
In the last decades agricultural policy has gained increasingly in complexity. Nowadays it influences the food and agricultural sector from the global market down to the farm level. Widespread research questions, like the impact of the WTO negotiations on the farm structure, most often require comprehensive modeling frameworks. Thus, different types of models are utilized according to their comparative advantages and combined in a strategically useful way to more accurately represent micro and macro aspects of the food and agricultural sector. Consequently, in recent years we have seen an increase in the development and application of model linkages. Given this background, the overall objective of this subproject is a systematic sensitivity analysis of model linkages that gradually involves more and more characteristics of the linkage and the corresponding transfer of results between models. In addition, the project aims to answer the following specific question: How does structural change at the farm level influence aggregate supply and technical progress? Under which conditions is it possible to derive macro-relationships from micro-relationships? How does the aggregation level influence the model results and how can possible problems be overcome? This procedure is used to quantify the effects and to derive conditions for optimal interaction of the connected models. The analysis is based on the general equilibrium model GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) and the farm group model FARMIS (Farm Modelling Information System) which are employed in conjunction to analyze the effects of WTO negotiations on the farm level.
Organotin and especially butyltin compounds are used for a variety of applications, e.g. as biocides, stabilizers, catalysts and intermediates in chemical syntheses. Tributyltin (TBT) compounds exhibit the greatest toxicity of all organotins and have even been characterized as one of the most toxic groups of xenobiotics ever produced and deliberately introduced into the environment. TBT is not only used as an active biocidal compound in antifouling paints, which are designed to prevent marine and freshwater biota from settlement on ship hulls, harbour and offshore installations, but also as a biocide in wood preservatives, textiles, dispersion paints and agricultural pesticides. Additionally, it occurs as a by-product of mono- (MBT) and dibutyltin (DBT) compounds, which are used as UV stabilizer in many plastics and for other applications. Triphenyltin (TPT) compounds are also used as the active biocide in antifouling paints outside Europe and furthermore as an agricultural fungicide since the early 1960s to combat a range of fungal diseases in various crops, particularly potato blight, leaf spot and powdery mildew on sugar beet, peanuts and celery, other fungi on hop, brown rust on beans, grey moulds on onions, rice blast and coffee leaf rust. Although the use of TBT and TPT was regulated in many countries world-wide from restrictions for certain applications to a total ban, these compounds are still present in the environment. In the early 1970s the impact of TBT on nontarget organisms became apparent. Among the broad variety of malformations caused by TBT in aquatic animals, molluscs have been found to be an extremely sensitive group of invertebrates and no other pathological condition produced by TBT at relative low concentrations rivals that of the imposex phenomenon in prosobranch gastropods speaking in terms of sensitivity. TBT induces imposex in marine prosobranchs at concentrations as low as 0,5 ng TBT-Sn/L. Since 1993, for the littorinid snail Littorina littorea a second virilisation phenomenon, termed intersex, is known. In female specimens affected by intersex the pallial oviduct is transformed of towards a male morphology with a final supplanting of female organs by the corresponding male formations. Imposex and intersex are morphological alterations caused by a chronic exposure to ultra-trace concentrations of TBT. A biological effect monitoring offers the possibility to determine the degree of contamination with organotin compounds in the aquatic environment and especially in coastal waters without using any expensive analytical methods. Furthermore, the biological effect monitoring allows an assessment of the existing TBT pollution on the basis of biological effects. Such results are normally more relevant for the ecosystem than pure analytical data. usw.
Forests play a relevant role in mitigation of climate change. A major issue, however, is the scientifically well founded, transparent and verifyable monitoring of achievements in forest carbon sequestration through reduction of deforestation and forest degradation, and through fostering sustainable forest management. Monitoring is particularly difficult in diverse and inaccessible humid tropical forest areas. The proposed research will contribute to the improvement of forest carbon monitoring under the challenging conditions of humid tropical forests. Sample based field observations and model based biomass predictions will be linked to area-wide satellite remote sensing imagery (RapidEye) and to strip samples of LiDAR imagery. Techniques of linking these data sources will be further developed and analysed with respect to (1) precision of carbon estimation and (2) accuracy of carbon regionalization. The proposed project implies research on methodological improvements of both sample based forest inventories (resampling techniques for biomass, imputation of non-response) and remote sensing application to forest monitoring (regionalization, sample based application of LiDAR data). At the core of this research is the analysis of the error variance components that each data source brings into the system. Such error analysis will allow identifying optimal resource allocation for the efficient improvement of forest carbon monitoring systems.
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