Das Projekt "Anaerobe Vorreinigung von haeuslichem Abwasser in aufwaerts durchstroemten Schwimmfiltern" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität Wien, Institut für Wassergüte und Landschaftswasserbau.Durch den Einsatz von Bewuchsflaechen fuer anaerobe Bakterien kann der Wirkungsgrad von Abwasserfaulanlagen im Kleinklaeranlagenbereich wesentlich gesteigert werden. Durch die Vorbehandlung von Abwasser in anaeroben Schwimmfiltern wird eine nachfolgende Behandlung durch Bodenfiltration oder mittels Tropfkoerper- oder Belebungsverfahren wesentlich erleichtert und verbessert.
Das Projekt "Blue Box: Messsystem für Fährschiffe" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Kiel, Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik.
Das Projekt "Verfahren zur Reduktion von Schaeden durch den Falschen und Echten Mehltau der Rebe (Plasmopara viticola und Uncinula necator) mit Hilfe der induzierten Resistenz" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Staatliches Weinbauinstitut, Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt für Weinbau und Weinbehandlung.Das Verfahren der induzierten Resistenz soll der Weinbaupraxis zur Bekaempfung des Falschen (Plasmopara viticola) und des Echten Mehltaus (Unicula necator) verfuegbar gemacht werden. Die induzierte Resistenz basiert auf natuerlichen Resistenzmechanismen der Pflanze, die bei Pathogenkontakt durch Botenstoffe an der Erregeroberflaeche, sog. Elicitoren, ausgeloest werden. Diese fuehren beispielsweise zur Verstaerkung der Pflanzenzellwaende oder zum gezielten Absterben befallener Pflanzenzellen. Bodenbakterien- oder Pilzsporenextrakte konnten in Vorversuchen des Staatlichen Weinbauinstituts Freiburg aehnliche Reaktionen ausloesen. Eine komplette Abwehr der Pathogene wurde aber noch nicht erreicht. Daher soll im Rahmen dieses Projektes potentiell wirksame Praeparate auf ihre Wirksamkeit ueberprueft, der optimale Einsatzzeitpunkt in der Pflanzen- und der Pathogenentwicklung ermittelt und eine praktische Ueberpruefung des Verfahrens vorgenommen werden. Vergleiche mit Kupfer- und Schwefelvarianten lassen eine Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit und der Wirtschaftlichkeit gegenueber den praxisueblichen Verfahren zu.
Das Projekt "ENG-ENALT 2C, Cullet preheating" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Sorg.Objective: To achieve considerable energy savings through use of preheated cullet in the glass melt. The waste gases, which up until now have been lost to the atmosphere, are taken as heating medium from the waste gas channel of the melting end. The procedure requires a considerably lower use of combustibles. For a 200 t/day production rate, an energy saving of 67 TOE/year is expected at project level (12 per cent of the total energy consumption). Payback time is estimated at 4 years. General Information: Principally glass is melted out of a composition of different raw materials, e.g. silica sand, lime, soda and glass cullet. Oil, gas or electrical energy can be used as heating media. The individual raw materials are mixed in the processing installation and are fed to a storage silo situated in front of the melting process by means of batch chargers. The initial temperature of the batch is 20 deg. C, whereas the melting temperature ranges between 1400-1500 deg. C. The waste gases are primarily fed again into the melting process by means of heat exchangers (regenerators) or recuperator, thus reducing the waste gas temperature to approx. 500 deg. C by preheating the combustion air. The novelty of this project consists in preheating the glass cullet prior to the mixing with other raw materials, by covering the waste gases energy at a level of approx. 500 deg. C. The glass cullet is firstly led to a preheating aggregate. The humidity of the cullet can be reduced by this preheating, which results in improved conditions for the melting process. The main characteristic of this system is the direct contact between cullet and waste gases. Up until now the gases from the melting durnace have been cooled down to approx. 400-500 deg. C in recuperators or regenerator heat exchangers, and then released into the atmosphere, in most cases without any further waste gas treatment. With the new system the residual heat content of the waste gas is used to pre-heat the cullet. If the system is correctly designed, then not only is the cullet heated, but the dust content of the waste gas is reduced by approximately 30-40 per cent. The cullet is contained by louvred segments. The openings for the waste gases are designed so that the gas velocities are very low, which helps to reduce the dust emission. The waste gases, which must have a maximum temperature of no more than 550 deg. C, move in cross counter flow up through the cullet. In this way a large amount of the heat content of the waste gases is transferred to the cullet as it flows slowly from the top to the bottom. The cullet stream moves continuously, so the contact area is continuously renewed, which guarantees a very good heat exchange. The cullet is heated to a maximum of 450 deg. C, whilst the waste gas leaves the system with a temperature of 250-300 deg. C. In addition to the energy savings, the project will also achieve improved glass qualitites, and reduced reject rates due to the better furnace...
Das Projekt "ENG-ENALT 2C, Two stage gas generator for industrial wastes" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Eisenmann Maschinenbau KG.Objective: Thermic utilization of industrial residual system resp. production residues in a two stage incineration system under production conditions. The tests contain as well pre-trials for determination of the optimal system parameter as also permanent trial runs, for establishing of material and energy balances and for judgement of the operation reaction through a longer time period. By the work with this process the advantages shall be shown: - Profitability also with small residual material amount of 200-1000 kg/h - complete energetic utilization of the material - easy integrating in available heating systems, for example preswitching of an available boiler system - universal usability of energy - utilization of the product residues in the own factory for heating, process heat and evtl. electric current generation - reduction of the removal costs. General Information: The demonstration system, built in the smallest production scale, had been erected in the technical science department of the Company EISENMANN. The process principle is based on a mechanical pre-treatment, with which the material will be communited with a slitting rollers appliance and afterwards will be transported into a storage silo. From the silo the filling system continuously pushes in the waste material in the fluidized bed reactor, which has a quadratic free cross section of 500 x 500 mm and is provided with a 400 mm thick fireproof lining. A 1 m high piling up of quartz sand with a grain size of 0,4-1,6 mm serves as heat bearer medium. The piling up will be fluidized by the injection of hot flue gases. The advantages of a fluidized bed as pyrolytic stages are the following: - The fluidizing of the sand causes a uniform distribution of temperature - an intensive heat transition between sand and residual material is given - by the fluidizing a mechanical comminution of the material simultaneously takes place, with that the lump forming of the used material will be avoided - by a low oxygen, preheated fluidized gas a pyrolisation with under stoichiometric incineration takes place so, that a max. reaction temperature of approx. 600 degree of Celsius up to 700 degree of Celsius arises, with which still no slag forming appears. The following thermic processes proceed: The hot flue gases (approx. 650 degree of Celsius) contain 6-8 per cent oxygen. They hold the sand bed on approx. 550 degree of Celsius. The supplied residual material combustes in these conditions under stoichiometric. Through a short insulated connection line the pyrolitic gases reach in a vertical arranged combustion chamber. Here they will be burned with the help of a support burner by injection of fresh air with approx. 1100 degree of Celsius. Following the combustion chamber the flue gases will be diverted horizontally, before they give away again in a vertical heat exchanger their energy to a hot water circulation. After the heat exchanger the flue gases are still approx. 250 degree of Celsius...
Das Projekt "ENALT 1C, Thermal utilization of shredder-waste in the cement industry" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Dyckerhoff Zement, Werk Lengerich.Objective: The aim of the project is the erection and testing of a facility demonstrating the utilization of shredder waste as substitute fuel for the production of cement clinker. Investigation is to be carried out to determine the additional equipment and changes that are necessary in an existing plant in order to operate with this substitute fuel and to estimate the extend of its effects on the product, the production plant and the environment. On a 40 per cent estimated substitution of fuel, a saving of 17,000 TOE per year in this plant. Expected payback time is approx. 2 years. General Information: In this project, shredder waste is to be utilized by the cement industry. The project was split in two phases i.e. the preliminary and the large scale demonstration. The first phase was carried out in the Mark 2 B cement plant/Beckum while the large scale demonstration phase was carried out in the Dyckerhoff-Zementwerk in Göllheim. In the preliminary phase investigation was carried in realizing the ability of using shredder as a substitute fuel as well as its possible impact on the product quality and the environment. With the experience gained in the first phase and with an estimated content of 14-16 GJ/T of shredder, the large scale demonstration was planned for the Göllheim factory where the investigation of the storage, transport, dosing, firing and large scale production techniques was done. Additional investigation was carried on the service life of the plant and materials used and their influence on the production process. Achievements: The project lasted 35 months. The preliminary phase lasted 6 while the large scale demonstration 29 months. In the preliminary phase problems of storage and handling of this bulky waste material were met. However no positive environmental implications were reported. In the large scale demonstration phase a number of waste beneficiation test were carried out to ensure that clinker quality was maintained. During this period an increase of the chloride content of the clinker was found thus limiting the amount of fuel substitution to less than 10 per cent to meet the French standards and less than 15 per cent to meet the German. To achieve this, a bypass installation was found necessary increasing further the overall installation cost. Since that time only shredder material with a high content of gum and less plastic material has been used. In the second plant in Beckum we found pcb in the shredder material. For this reason we were obliged to stop the project, because we have no official allowance to burn pcb-contenting material.
Das Projekt "Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von transgenem Pollen auf Mikroorganismen des Bienendarms" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Jena, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften.Voruntersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass Mikroorganismen des Bienendarms bei Verzehr des von den Bienen gesammelten gentechnisch veraenderten Pollens mit Herbizidresistenz des PAT-Gen inclusive angrenzender eukaryotischer Terminatorsequenzen aufnehmen und stabil erhalten, somit transformiert werden koennen. Das erste Jahr der Projektlaufzeit soll dazu dienen, diese Frage zweifelsfrei zu klaeren. Sofern der Nachweis entsprechend transformierter Mikroorganismen gelingt, soll anschliessend Lebensweise und vor allem die fuer die Sicherheitsforschung relevante Persistenz dieser PAT-positiven Mikroorganismen in der einzelnen Biene, im Bienenvolk und in der Umwelt (Boden, Pflanze) unter kontrollierten Bedingungen verfolgt werden. Die Ergebnisse koennen sich auf das Zulassungsverfahren von GVO auswirken. Die Wirkung der gentechnisch veraenderten Pflanzen auf die Biene selber soll ausserdem in Form von Kurz- und Langzeittests im Labor und im Freiland verfolgt werden. Es sollen Standardmethoden entwickelt werden, die den Testverfahren zur Untersuchung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln auf Bienengefaehrlichkeit entsprechen.
Das Projekt "Entwicklung und Anwendung eines integrierten Modellsystems für den Wasser- und Stoffhaushalt von Flusseinzugsgebieten am Beispiel des Neckars - Vorphase zur Erarbeitung des Antrages für die Hauptphase" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Landesanstalt für Umweltschutz Baden-Württemberg.
Das Projekt "Teilvorhaben 5: Szenarioanalyse und Handlungsempfehlungen^Handlungsempfehlungen zur Erkundung des Untergrundes von Deponie- und Altablagerungsstandorten in Thailand, Teilvorhaben 6: Geofernerkundung" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Hansa Luftbild Consulting International.
Das Projekt "ENG-ENALT 2C, Gas-fuelled rapid heating furnace" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Gaswärme-Institut e.V..Objective: To demonstrate the feasibility of reducing energy consumption in the reheating of forgings and to improve forging quality by the replacement of electric and conventional gas-fired furnaces, by a new gas-fuelled rapid heating furnace incorporating and combining known technical features: these will considerably reduce energy consumption and advance the engineering design of conventional gas-fired reheating furnaces. General Information: Rapid heating furnaces are often installed in forging shops to treat small forgings. It is important to heat the forging rapidly and evenly and to minimize scale formation. The object of this research is to produce a micro-structure to eliminate the need for further heat treatment. The advantage of an inductive, over a conventional gas-fuelled furnace is the low level of scale formation due to the brief furnace dwell time. On the other hand, inductive furnaces are operated by a secondary source of energy (electricity) and are therefore expensive to operate. In addition, temperature distribution in a charge heated by a conventional furnace is unsatisfactory. The furnace to be designed, installed and operated for the project is a gas fuelled rapid heating installation using natural gas as the primary energy source. Charge heating will be in 3 zones (soaking, heating-up and preheating) to reheat the charge. As in the case of pusher type furnaces, charge and atmosphere movement will be counter current. In order to minimize scale formation, the soaking zone will be fired in the fuel-rich mode, while the heating-up zone will be fuelled by a fuel-lean gas and air mixture, burning uncombusted gases from the soaking zone. Staged combustion minimizes NO output and environmental impact. Fuel-rich soaking zone operation necessitates tests to establish combustion air preheat temperature, the acceptability of the fuel/air system with respect to sooting and safety aspects associated with CO formation. Forgings will be charged in transverse mode and a recuperator incorporated in the furnace for combustion air preheating: the furnace control system will feature high precision fuel/air ration controllers for heating-up and soaking zones. Each controller is capable of maintaining an air factor of between 0.5 and 1.5 to allow exact adjustment of the fuel/air ratio and to minimize scaling. An optical control system monitors the temperature of the charge leaving the furnace. Fuel gas flow is adjusted by temperature controller as a function of the difference between temperature as measured by the optical system and set point temperature. When fuel gas flow is adjusted, combustion air flow will also be adjusted by the fuel/air ratio control system. A shop function is also incorporated in the furnace control system: this is capable of lowering gas flow to between to 10-30 per cent of rated flow. For this purpose the control system will immediately reduce gas flow if furnace operation is switched to idle mode. Simultaneously...
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