River floods are extremely important to society because of their potential damage and fatalities. Floods are also very interesting research subjects because of the intriguing non-linear interactions and feedbacks involved, interesting issues of generalisation and the need for investigating them in an interdisciplinary way. Extreme floods are not very well understood to date but new, high resolution data and new concepts for quantifying interactions promise a major breakthrough of a body of research carried out in a coordinated way. The objective of this Research Unit is to understand in a coherent way the atmospheric, catchment and river system processes and their interactions leading to extreme river floods and how these evolve in space and time. An innovative and coherent concept has been adopted in order to maximise the potential of the cooperation between the research partners which consists of three layers of integration: research themes focusing on the science questions, subprojects revolving around specific research tasks, and a joint study object of extreme floods in Germany and Austria. Using scales as a binding element, the research plan is organised into the research themes of event processes, spatial (regional) variability, temporal (decadal) variability, and uncertainty and predictability. The members of the Research Unit have been selected to obtain a team of leading experts with expertise that is complementary in terms of processes, methods and regional knowledge. The cooperation and communication strategy will be implemented through themed cluster groups, combining several subprojects, regular meetings of the cluster groups, an annual project symposium and a private cloud facilitating data exchange on the joint study object. Equal opportunity policies will be adopted and female and early career scientists will be promoted in a major way. Overall, the outcomes of the Research Unit will constitute a step change in the understanding of the coupled system of flood processes in the atmosphere, catchments and rivers which will have major implications for a range of sciences and the society.
Entwicklung und Erprobung eines weiterbildenden Fernstudienganges Angewandte Umweltwissenschaften mit Diplomabschluss. Gestaltung eines kompletten online-Studienangebotes.
Im Untersuchungsgebiet Lainbach wird eine Gefahrenanalyse für Massenbewegungen durchgeführt. Erster Schritt hierfür ist die Erstellung einer Geomorphologischen Grundlagenkarte (vgl. Kienholz 1977) auf Grundlage von Kartenstudien (u.a. Bayerisches Landesant für Wasserwirtschaft 1985, Berner 1995, Bunza 1975), Luftbildauswertungen und Feldkartierungen. Unter Zuhilfenahme von zusätzlichen Informationen wie Geologie, Vegetation, Hydrologie, Meteorologie und geotechnischen (bodenmechanischen) Parametern wird mit einem GIS (Geographisches Informationssystem) ein Analysemodell entwickelt bzw. für das Lainbachgebiet angepasst werden. (Hier wird besonders die Kooperation mit der Universität für Bodenkultur in Wien zum Tragen kommen, d.h., ein dort vorhandenes Modell (vgl. Brauner und Ganahl 1999) kann eingesetzt und auf das Lainbachgebiet zugeschnitten werden.) Anhand des GIS werden bestehende sowie potentielle Gefahrenräume ermittelt und abgegrenzt. Ein Versuch Wiederkehrintervalle für grössere Ereignisse zu ermitteln soll mit Hilfe der Analyse historischer Daten, Luftbildserien und Niederschlagsdaten der Stationen Benediktbeuern und Hohenpeissenberg unternommen werden. Mit Abschluss des Projekts Anfang 2003 soll ein benutzerfreundliches Instrument für alle Betroffenen und Planer zur Verfügung stehen.
We contribute to the Landsat Science Team with a focus on long-term satellite data analysis, regional to sub-continental approaches and cross-sensor integration between Landsat and European satellite missions. Our focus is on rapidly changing land systems, including topics such as REDD+ or global land use intensification. The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM provides a backbone activity in Earth observation. The European Sentinel missions, specifically Sentinel-2, and the German Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) will provide great synergies with Landsat-8 and 40 years of archived Landsat data. There are huge opportunities for synergies across sensors and scales in order to achieve better and quasi-continuous high-resolution earth observation products across time and space. At the same time, there is an urgent need to make use of these opportunities, if we wish to move global change research based on Landsat data to the next level. Our research agenda as part of the Landsat Science Team combines aspects of (1) data characterization, (2) product generation and (3) applications. Our approach seeks to maximize synergies between the exceptional depth of the Landsat archive and future European satellite missions for advancing core land system science topics. Our geographic foci include Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, Southeast Asia, and South America.
General Information: An increasing market is developing for the purification of off-gases from smaller power stations, heating combustion units and chemical plants producing such waste gases. It is the purpose of the project to develop the scientific and engineering fundamentals which are necessary for the industrial realisation of such processes. Based on a thermodynamic screening of possible reaction pathways several alternative routes will be investigated. This will result in the creation of new and innovative electro-catalytic processes. The thermodynamically possible reaction schemes will be investigated with respect to their kinetics. Also the economically important rate of the absorption step and the possibilities of absorption capacity enhancement will be intensively studied. Improvements of absorption column design, optimization of electrochemical packed bed cell and process steps for the product/homogeneous catalyst separation will be studied. The most promising process concepts for so2 and NOx removal will be selected and studied in pilot plants. Achievements: partners in this project developed two new electrochemical processes for gas purification. These processes produce less chemical waste by using electrons, rather than chemicals, as a reagent to remove sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxide. The processes are being tested under industrial conditions and could be used for pollution control in small plants and combustion units in the future.
The HGF Alliance 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics' aims at the development and evaluation of novel bio/geo-physical information products derived from data acquired by a new generation of remote sensing satellites; and their integration in Earth system models for improving understanding and modelling ability of global environmental processes and ecosystem change. The Earth system comprises a multitude of processes that are intimately meshed through complex interactions. In times of accelerated global change, the understanding and quantification of these processes is of primary importance. Spaceborne remote sensing sensors are predestined to produce bio-geo-information products on a global scale. The upcoming generation of spaceborne remote sensing configurations will be able to provide global data sets and products with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution in the context of a consistent and systematic observation strategy. The integration of these data sets in existing environmental and climate science components will allow a new global view of the Earth system and its dynamics, initiating a performance leap in ecosystem and climate change modelling.
Objective: The EU has formulated ambitious environmental policy targets in a variety of sectors aimed at forming the basis for a sustainable European growth with increasing prosperity and reduced pressure on natural resources and the environment. The overall motivation of the APRAISE (Assessment of Policy Interrelationships and Impact on Sustainability in Europe) project is to improve the decision basis for EU and national policy makers for selecting an efficient environmental policy mix leading to the transition towards a sustainable European society, including appropriate support for environmental investments. APRAISE aims to provide an improved understanding of the efficiency, effectiveness and efficacy of environmental policies impacts and their interactions at both the European and Member State level by taking into consideration the social, environmental and economic dimensions of sustainable development. Furthermore, APRAISE will offer guidance on ex-ante policy impact assessment and come up with general policy recommendations. APRAISE will therefore assist policymakers in reducing inefficiencies in policy design and to create win-win situations whereby economic strength goes hand in hand with environmental protection and efficient use of natural resources. The strategy of APRAISE is to combine an empirical data collection and assessment component with model-based policy scenario analysis in order to achieve a synergetic use of a variety of empirical and model-based impact assessment tools using different sources of data. The empirical component consists of ex-post assessments of policy effects, costs and social implications as well as on an improved systems understanding including interactions between different policies. In addition, the effects of environmental policies on technology development and deployment will be empirically analyzed through the use of both top-down and bottom-up models. Furthermore, stakeholder consultations will provide input through their diverse perspectives that exist within industry and government and validate the relevance of the different model components, in particular the outputs from model-based scenario analysis. Exchanges between the empiric and model-based components and their results integration of APRAISE will lead to methodological and policy recommendations. The overarching motivation of the APRAISE project is to contribute to the research and application of sustainability oriented policymaking by building a more usw.
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