*Der Gesundheitszustand der Bäume im Schweizer Wald wird seit 1985 mit der Sanasilva-Inventur repräsentativ erfasst. Die wichtigsten Merkmale sind die Kronenverlichtung und die Sterberate. Das systematische Probeflächen-Netz der Inventur ist im Laufe der Zeit ausgedünnt worden. In der Periode von 1985 bis 1992 wurden rund 8000 Bäume auf 700 Flächen im 4x4 km-Netz aufgenommen, 1993, 1994 und 1997 rund 4000 Bäume im 8x8 km-Netz und in den Jahren 1995, 1996 und 1998 bis 2002 rund 1100 Bäume im 16x16 km-Netz . Aufnahmemethode Alle drei Jahre (1997, 2000) wird die Sanasilva-Inventur auf dem 8x8-km Netz (ca. 170 Probeflächen ) durchgeführt. In den Jahren dazwischen findet die Inventur auf einem reduzierten 16x16-km Netz (49 Probeflächen) statt. Jede Fläche besteht aus zwei konzentrischen Kreisen. Der äussere Kreis hat ein Radius von 12.62 m (500 m2) und der innere ein Radius von 7.98 m (200 m2). Auf dem inneren Kreis werden alle Bäume mit einem Mindestdurchmesser in Brusthöhe von 12 cm und auf dem äusseren Kreis mit einem Mindestdurchmesser in Brusthöhe von 36 cm aufgenommen. In Nordrichtung wird zusätzlich in 30 m Entfernung eine identische Satellitenprobenfläche eingerichtet. Die Aufnahme findet in Juli und August statt. Eine Aufnahmegruppe besteht aus zwei Personen, von denen eine die Daten erhebt, und die andere die Daten eintippt. Die Daten werden mit dem Feldkomputer Paravant und der Software Tally erfasst. Die Aufgabenteilung wechselt zwischen Probeflächen. Auf dem 8x8-km Netz werden zusätzlich 10 Prozent der Flächen von einer unabhängigen zweiten Aufnahmegruppe zu Kontrollzwecken aufgenommen. Hauptmerkmale der Sanasilva-Inventur: Die Sanasilva-Inventur erfasst vor allem folgende Indikatoren des Baumzustandes: Die Kronenverlichtung wird beschrieben durch den Prozentanteil der Verlichtung einer Krone im Vergleich zu einem Baum gleichen Alters mit maximaler Belaubung/Benadelung an diesem Standort, den Anteil dieser Verlichtung, der nicht durch bekannte Ursachen erklärt werden kann, den Ort der Verlichtung, den Anteil und den Ort von unbelaubten/unbenadelten Ästen und Zweigen. Die Kronenverfärbung wird durch die Abweichung der mittleren Farbe (aufgenommen als Farbton, Reinheit und Helligkeit nach den Munsell Colour Charts) eines Baumes zu der für diese Baumart typischen Normalfarbe (Referenzfarbe) und durch das Vorhandensein, das Ausmass und den Ort der von der Referenzfarbe abweichenden Farben beschrieben. Der Zuwachs eines Baumes wird durch die zeitliche Veränderung der aufgenommen Baumgrössen beschrieben (Brusthöhendurchmesser, Höhe des Baumes, Kronenlänge und Kronenbreite). Weitere Merkmale sind die erkannten Ursachen der Kronenverlichtung, die Kronenkonkurrenz und das Vorkommen von Epiphyten, Mistel und Ranken in der Baumkrone.
Recent events such as the Pakistan earthquake, Hurricane Katrina, the Indian Ocean tsunami and the European heat waves of 2003 reveal the vulnerability of societies to extreme events. The goal of this project is to strengthen prevention, mitigation and preparedness strategies in order to reduce the health, social and economic impacts of extreme events on communities. The objectives of the MICRODIS project are to strengthen the scientific and empirical foundation on the relationship between extreme events and their impacts; to develop and integrate knowledge, concepts, methods and databases towards a common global approach and to improve human resources and coping capacity in Asia and Europe through training and knowledge sharing. This integrated project involves 19 partners from Asia and Europe, including research, policy and ground roots institutions. The outputs will include an evidence-base on impacts, field methodologies and tools for data compilation, impact models, and integrated vulnerability assessments. It will also strengthen standardised data collection of extreme events and their impacts at local, regional and global levels. Prime Contractor: Université Catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-neuve; Belgium.
The proposed PRIMA-EF project will focus on the development of a European framework for psychosocial risk management with a special focus on work-related stress, and workplace violence (including harassment, bullying and mobbing). The objectives of the project are: a. to develop existing knowledge in reviewing available methodologies to evaluate the prevalence and impact of psychosocial risks at work and work-related stress, including physical and psychological workplace violence, harassment, bullying and mobbing; b. to identify appropriate means of collecting sensitive data in relation to these issues; c. to develop international standards and indicators on stress and violence at work; d. to develop detailed recommendations and evidence-based best-practice guidance on the management of these issues at the workplace; and e. to disseminate the results of the project to stakeholders and social partners including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The project will place special emphasis on high risk worker groups and occupational sectors and will address relevant gender issues and key issues relating to the implementation of best practice in the context of different enterprises and in particular SMEs. In addition, and in line with European policy on corporate social responsibility and social dialogue, the project will engage the social partners throughout its implementation and will link the project outcomes to these principles. Through the project consortium, the results will be disseminated widely with the support of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Office (ILO). In addition, the consortium will work in synergy with partners in candidate and third countries and national regulatory bodies to ensure a wide impact of the project outcomes and the initiation of the development of an international network of centres of excellence in psychosocial risk management. Prime Contractor: The University of Nottingham; Nottingham; United Kingdom.
To protect the health of populations and individuals, policies need to integrate environmental and health issues. The aim of HENVINET is to support such informed policy making. HENVINET will review, exploit and disseminate knowledge on environmental health issues based on research and practices, for wider use by relevant stakeholders. Further, it will lead to validation of tools and results with emphasis on the four priority health endpoints of the EHAP 2004-2010, and will provide structured information overview that may be utilized by other actors relevant to Environment and Health Strategy. Building on activities such as AirNET, CLEAR, PINCHE, INTARESE and SCALE, HENVINET will collect, structure and evaluate new material and present it in a consistent manner, which will lend itself to transparency and identification of knowledge gaps. HENVINET will establish an overview of results, activities, projects and tools existing in Europe and will promote stakeholder networking through workshops and conferences. Knowledge, best practices and decision support tools will be reviewed to allow wider exploitation by the relevant stakeholders such as policy makers. Recognizing that dissemination of knowledge, best practices and decision support tools is crucial in supporting the implementation of the European EHAP, the project will define ways to disseminate information in collaboration with main stakeholders, with emphasis on the needs of users of information, more than of those producing it. To allow for efficient data gathering, information exchanges, and targeted dissemination, the project will utilize state-of-the-art internet solutions and methodologies. To further promote interactions with stakeholders and relevant international organisations, an external Reference group will be set up.
The focus of RECONDES is to address the mitigation of desertification processes by the means of innovative techniques using vegetation in specific landscape configurations prone to severe degradation processes. Its major objective is to produce practical guidelines on the conditions for use of vegetation in areas vulnerable to desertification, taking into account spatial variability in geomorphological and human-driven processes related to degradation and desertification. RECONDES will combine the understanding of the mechanisms of land degradation and of the critical soil conditions necessary for maintaining and restoring soil and land quality and ecosystem health to identify how and where vegetation could be used to mitigate desertification. It will identify the conditions or thresholds which have to be attained or retained for vegetation growth and survival and examine where those conditions are found. It will match those conditions against the processes of degradation to identify where treatments or restoration will be most effective. It will identify innovative measures which might be taken to create or maintain conditions. Crucially, it will examine linkages within the landscape at different scales to determine the key points for intervention. The effects of vegetation treatments will be modelled and optimal strategies produced at scales from plot to catchment. The practical guidelines produced will be disseminated to end users. RECONDES is being applied in relation to the marginal lands of the north Mediterranean, the areas of southern Europe which are vulnerable to or have suffered desertification. The research is divided into six major work packages based on a hierarchy of land /use units found in these areas: Reforested land, Rainfed cropland, Semi-natural and abandoned land, Hillslopes, River valleys, Catchments.
The aim of 2-FUN is to provide decision-makers with a Decision Support System (DSS) that supports the analysis of current and future trends in environmental conditions and pressures causing health problems, and to evaluate and rank the management options of the composing risk factors using a cost-benefit evaluation. The DSS and its associated Geographical Information System (GIS) will offer a wide range of functionalities allowing the generation of results of high concern for health risk assessment: building of long-term environmental and socio-economic scenarios, exposure and effects mapping, provision of uncertainty margins, identification of sensitive pathways and risks, integrated risk indices and monetary values mapping, ranking of risk factors. Specific scientific actions will be set up to feed the DSS with methodologies/databases/models/ software on the following topics: Building future realistic socio-economic, environmental and health scenarios; Integrated exposure, effect and monetary assessment of multi-stressors and multi-routes; Integration of childrens issues in health risk assessments; Environment-related health indicators for relevant ranking and comparison of risk factors and monetary valuation of health effects; Development of uncertainty models for further health management; Implementation of a full-chain approach for health risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis. 2-FUN also proposes to engage in a structural dialogue with all interested parties (stakeholders, policy-makers and researchers) to monitor large environment- and health-focused scientific initiatives and to incorporate stakeholders vision and needs regarding the development of tools for health risk assessment. The DSS will be tested on contrasted case studies covering a wide range of temporal, spatial, sectorial, environmental, societal contexts requiring comprehensive costbenefit analysis and able to provide policy-makers with relevant and easy-to-use information. Prime Contractor: Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques; Paris; France.
European Member States have set up National Environment and Health Action Programmes during the last decade, confirming the importance of environmental health protection. The importance of scaling down this approach to regional and local level is evident to improve the conditions of life. There is a lack of exchange of information and experiences among Member States on this issue. Thus, there is a need to identify and analyse national and regional activities and to exchange good practices. The main objective of the PRONET project is to facilitate exchange and evaluation of interventions on environment and health exposure reduction measures on a regional level and promote implementation of successful initiatives in other regions of Europe. This project will focus on the exchange of useful practices in two areas; 1) the reduction of traffic-related health hazards; 2) improvement of indoor air quality. This project will co-ordinate the body of experience in practical pollution reduction measures or strategies and will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the design and implementation of measures aimed at reducing exposure to environmental health hazards. Communication, participation, socio-economic and gender factors are included in the analysis as they might influence the impact of exposure reduction measures. To do so PRONET will set up an information exchange platform for the development of health promotion-based policies. Furthermore, this project will set up a network of regional authorities and researchers at different levels. Establishing a link through partners and member states to THE PEP and other relevant projects will be part of the activities. At workshops and by surveys network members will come together to identify, analyse, assess and develop policy options to gain insight in interventions and disseminate the results to all stakeholders in European regions. The results will be used to make recommendations for policies at regional level. Prime Contractor: Hulpverlening Gelderland Midden; Arnheim; Netherlands.
Identification the risks and benefits associated with the use of untreated wastewater in urban and peri-urban fodder and vegetable cropping systems in India and Pakistan, with a particular focus on livelihoods, livestock and food safety. The project activities are in Hyderabad (India) and Faisalabad (Pakistan). Main task is the creation of a project GIS database and field mapping.
Ziel des ersten Teils des Vorhabens ist es, (1) ein praxistaugliches Tiergesundheitsmanagement für die Praxis der ökologischen Milchviehhaltung auf der Basis präventiver Tiergesundheitskonzepte am Beispiel von Lahmheiten zu entwickeln, (2) dieses Managementkonzept anhand einer Interventionsstudie auf Praxisbetrieben mit entsprechendem Optimierungspotenzial sowohl zu validieren wie auch dessen Praxistauglichkeit zu demonstrieren und (3) durch die Durchführung von Schulungen (Empfehlungen für die Beratung, Informationen für die Landwirtinnen) einen Transfer der Projektergebnisse in die landbauliche Praxis zu gewährleisten. Durch das Forschungsprojekt soll für Milchviehbetriebe des ökologischen Landbaus ein wissenschaftlich fundiertes Tiergesundheitsmanagementkonzept bereitgestellt werden, das über die (während dieses Projektes darauf vorbereitete) Beratung bundesweit Anwendung in der Praxis des ökologischen Landbaus finden kann. Ziel des zweiten Teils des Vorhabens ist es, (1) zentrale Indikatoren für Tiergesundheit in der ökologischen Milchviehhaltung (u.a. Mastitis, Lahmheiten, Stoffwechselstörungen, Fruchtbarkeitsprobleme, Kälberkrankheiten) zu identifizieren sowie deren Zielgrößen zu definieren, (2) auf Basis dieser Indikatoren sowie des vorhandenen Wissens (Erfahrungen in anderen europäischen Ländern wie z. B. Großbritannien) Leitlinien für die Entwicklung von Herdengesundheitsplänen zur betriebsindividuellen Schwachstellenanalyse und Verbesserung der betrieblichen Situation zu erstellen, (3) eine Akzeptanz- und Umsetzungsstudie auf repräsentativen Praxisbetrieben unter Einbindung der BetriebsleiterInnen, HoftierärztInnen und (Spezial-)Beraterinnen vor Ort durchzuführen, und (4) zu prüfen, inwieweit sich derartige Indikatoren in die Betriebskontrolle integrieren lassen. Der Wissenstransfer bzgl. der Anwendung von Herdengesundheitsplänen wird in enger Zusammenarbeit mit den thematisch ähnlich gelagerten Projekten zur Schweine- und Geflügelgesundheit sowohl durch die Veranstaltung eines projektübergreifenden Abschlussworkshops sowie durch die gemeinsame Fertigung einer Broschüre (Empfehlungen für die Beratung, Informationen für die Landwirtinnen) sichergestellt.
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