Der Datensatz enthält Informationen zu Nutzung und Oberflächenmaterial der einzelnen Flächen im Straßenraum der Bezirks- und Hauptverkehrsstraßen. Zusätzlich sind verschiedene im Straßenraum befindliche Linien- und Punktobjekte enthalten. Zu den Linienobjekten gehören: Hochbord, Tiefbord, Geländer, Mauer, Rinne und Zaun. Zu den Punktobjekten gehören: Pflanzkübel, Lampe, Hängelampe, Mast für Hängelampe, Poller/Pfosten/Wegesperre, Fußgängerleitsystem, Verkehrsampel, Bügel, Fahrradbügel, Findling, Bank, Tisch, Kunst im öffentlichen Raum/Skulptur, Brunnen. In der Regel sind im Datensatz alle Objekte im Bereich des Tiefbauvermögens der FHH enthalten. Flächen im Zuständigkeitsbereich der Autobahn GmbH und des Hafens sind nicht enthalten. Flächen, die eindeutig zum städtischen Straßenraum gehören, aus verschiedenen Gründen aktuell aber rechtlich nicht dem Tiefbauvermögen zugerechnet werden, sind ebenfalls enthalten und werden mit dem Attribut "Fremdeigentum" gekennzeichnet. Enthaltene Attribute: Bezirksnummer, Bezirk, Stadtteilnummer, Stadtteil, Straßenname, Straßentyp, Kategorie, Nutzungsnummer, Nutzung, Inhaltsnummer, Inhalt (Oberflächenmaterial), Ebenennummer, Ebene (Lage regulär auf Straßenebene oder darüber bzw. darunter), Fremdeigentum, Quelle, Bemerkung, Fläche (in m^2), Objekt-ID und Stand der Erfassung. Die Ersterfassung der Feinkartierung Straßen erfolgte auf Grundlage einer Luftbilddigitalisierung in den einzelnen Bezirken zwischen 2013 und 2021. Die Pflege der Daten erfolgt seit 2022 kontinuierlich anhand von Planunterlagen, Luft- und Befahrungsbildern durch den Landesbetrieb Geoinformation und Vermessung im Auftrag der Behörde für Verkehr und Mobilitätswende. Die Aktualität der jeweiligen Fortführung des Objektes ist den Attributen zu entnehmen. Die Datengrundlage weist jedoch einen älteren Stand auf, als der Tag der Fortführung. Auch Baustellen aus den Vorjahren werden u.U. erst in späteren Jahrgängen umgewandelt, sodass anhand des Datensatzes keine Analyse möglich ist, wie viele Flächenänderungen in einem Jahr im Straßenraum erfolgt sind. Insbesondere die Punkt- und Linienobjekte erheben keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit, da sie z.T. bereits bei der Ersterfassung nicht vollständig erfasst wurden und Aufstell- und Abbauprozesse der datenpflegenden Stelle in der Regel nicht gemeldet werden. Es kann keine Gewähr für die Richtigkeit aller Daten übernommen werden. Aufgrund der Aktualität des Datensatzes kann keine rechtssichere bzw. tagesaktuelle Aussage getroffen werden. Sollten Sie Anmerkungen zum Datensatz haben oder Korrekturen melden wollen, schicken Sie diese bitte an fachdatenmanagement@gv.hamburg.de. Der Datensatz enthält Informationen zu Nutzung und Oberflächenmaterial der einzelnen Objekte im Straßenraum der Bezirks- und Hauptverkehrsstraßen. In der Regel sind im Datensatz alle Objekte im Bereich des Tiefbauvermögens der FHH enthalten. Flächen im Zuständigkeitsbereich der Autobahn GmbH und des Hafens sind nicht enthalten. Flächen, die eindeutig zum städtischen Straßenraum gehören, aus verschiedenen Gründen aktuell aber rechtlich nicht dem Tiefbauvermögen zugerechnet werden, sind ebenfalls enthalten und werden mit dem Attribut "Fremdeigentum" gekennzeichnet. Enthaltene Attribute: Bezirksnummer, Bezirk, Stadtteilnummer, Stadtteil, Straßenname, Straßentyp, Kategorie, Nutzungsnummer, Nutzung, Inhaltsnummer, Inhalt (Oberflächenmaterial), Ebenennummer, Ebene (Lage regulär auf Straßenebene oder darüber bzw. darunter), Fremdeigentum, Quelle, Bemerkung, Fläche (in m^2), Objekt-ID und Stand der Erfassung. Die Ersterfassung der Feinkartierung Straßen erfolgte auf Grundlage einer Luftbilddigitalisierung in den einzelnen Bezirken zwischen 2013 und 2021. Die Pflege der Daten erfolgt seit 2022 kontinuierlich anhand von Planunterlagen, Luft- und Befahrungsbildern durch den Landesbetrieb Geoinformation und Vermessung im Auftrag der Behörde für Verkehr und Mobilitätswende. Die Aktualität des jeweiligen Objektes ist den Attributen zu entnehmen. Es kann keine Gewähr für die Richtigkeit aller Daten übernommen werden. Aufgrund der Aktualität des Datensatzes kann keine rechtssichere bzw. tagesaktuelle Aussage getroffen werden.
In forest ecosystems ectomycorrhizal fungi are responsible for the mobilization of mineral nutrients from soil organic matter (SOM) resulting in a marked increase in productivity of their symbiotic host plants. In return the fungi obtain a significant amount of photosynthetic products from these plants, allowing the formation of an extensive hyphal system. These hyphae constitute a major part of soil biomass and, ultimately, a major source for SOM formation. While plant-fungal nutrient exchange has been analyzed extensively, this proposal is focused on the fungal contribution to SOM formation and on the processes leading to the acquisition of nutrients by the fungi. These two processes will be studied separately and in a quantitative way using isotopic labeling in soil bioreactors. Analysis of the fate of 13C labeled fungal material (Laccaria bicolor) in soil bioreactors will tell how fast and to what extent the various fractions of hyphal biomass are transformed into non-living SOM. As potential molecular or structural markers for SOM formation from fungal hyphae we will analyze characteristic remnants of fungal hyphae in SOM using scanning electron microscopy, DNAfragments using a PCR approach for the fungal rRNA internal transcribed spacerregions and biochemical markers like fatty acids and ergosterol. The impact of ectomycorrhizal mycelia supported by Pinus sylvestris plantlets on 13C- and 15N-labeled SOM and on microbial biomass will be analyzed in separate soil bioreactor experiments.
The sorption of anions in geotechnical multibarrier systems of planned high level waste repositories (HLWR) and of non-ionic and organic pollutants in conventional waste disposals are in the center of recent research. In aquatic systems, persistent radionuclides such as 79Se, 99Tc, 129I exist in a form of anions. There is strongly increasing need to find materials with high sorption capacities for such pollutants. Specific requirements on barrier materials are long-term stability of adsorbent under various conditions such as T > 100 C, varying hydrostatic pressure, and the presence of competing ions. Organo-clays are capable to sorb high amounts of cations, anions and non-polar molecules simultaneously having selectivity for certain ions. This project is proposed to improve the understanding of sorption and desorption processes in organo-clays. Additionally, the modification of material properties under varying chemical and thermal conditions will be determined by performing diffusion and advection experiments. Changes by sorption and diffusion will be analyzed by determining surface charge and contact angles. Molecular simulations on models of organo-clays will be conducted in an accord with experiments with aim to understand and analyze experimental results. The computational part of the project will profit from the collaboration of German partner with the group in Vienna, which has a long standing experience in a modeling of clay minerals.
The formation of biogeochemical interfaces in soils is controlled, among other factors, by the type of particle surfaces present and the assemblage of organic matter and mineral particles. Therefore, the formation and maturation of interfaces is studied with artificial soils which are produced in long-term biogeochemical laboratory incubation experiments (3, 6, 12, 18 months. Clay minerals, iron oxides and charcoal are used as major model components controlling the formation of interfaces because they exhibit high surface area and microporosity. Soil interface characteristics have been analyzed by several groups involved in the priority program for formation of organo-mineral interfaces, sorptive and thermal interface properties, microbial community structure and function. Already after 6 months of incubation, the artificial soils exhibited different properties in relation to their composition. A unique dataset evolves on the development and the dynamics of interfaces in soil in the different projects contributing to this experiment. An integrated analysis based on a conceptual model and multivariate statistics will help to understand overall processes leading to the biogeochemical properties of interfaces in soil, that are the basis for their functions in ecosystems. Therefore, we propose to establish an integrative project for the evaluation of data obtained and for publication of synergistic work, which will bring the results to a higher level of understanding.
In einer Reihe von Versuchen mit Erosionsanlagen wurde die Beziehung zwischen Begrünungstechnik und Erosionsverhalten beobachtet. Es konnte deutlich beobachtet werden, dass nur bei Verwendung von Mulchdecken sowohl erhöhte Oberflächenabflüsse als auch nennenswerte Bodenabträge vermieden werden. Der deutlich bessere Erosionsschutz bei Abdeckung des Oberbodens durch so unterschiedliche Materialien wie Heu, Stroh, Netze oder Matten kann durch die schützende Wirkung des organischen Materiales erklärt werden. Dabei wird die (kinetische) Energie der Regentropfen abgebaut und das Wasser sickert langsam in den Boden. Dadurch werden die Bodenaggregate vor Zerstörung bewahrt. Die Kapillaröffnungen des Bodens verschlämmen nicht und deutlich höhere Wassermengen können in den Boden einsickern. Ohne Abdeckung des Oberbodens mit Mulchmaterial haben standortgerechte und schnellwüchsige Saatgutmischungen in den ersten 4 bis 8 Wochen nach der Ansaat ein vergleichbar schlechtes Erosionsverhalten. Wie schon erwähnt kann das Erosionsverhalten durch die Verwendung von Deckfrüchten anstatt Mulchdecken in Hochlagen nicht nennenswert verbessert werden.
Previous studies indicated that the development and biogeochemistry of paddy soils relates to the parent material, thus the original soil paddies derive from. The proposed research focuses on redox-mediated changes in mineral composition and mineral-associated organic matter (OM) during paddy transformation of different soils. We plan to subject soil samples to a series of redox cycles, in order to mimic paddy soil formation and development. Soils with strongly different properties and mineral composition as well as at different states of paddy transformation; ranging from unchanged soils to fully developed paddy soils, are to be included. We hypothesize that dissolved organic matter is one key driver in redox-mediated transformations, serving as an electron donator as well as interacting with dissolved metals and minerals. The extent of effects shall depend on the parent soil's original mineral assemblage and organic matter and their mutual interactions. The experimental paddy soil transformation will tracked by analyses of soil solutions, of the (re-)distribution of carbon (by addition of 13C-labelled rice straw), of indicative biomolecules (sugars, amino sugars, fatty acids, lignin) and of minerals (including the redox state of Fe). For analyses of organic matter as well as of mineral characteristics we plan to utilize EXAFS and XPS, for Fe-bearing minerals also Mößbauer spectroscopy. This approach of experimental pedology seems appropriate to give insight into the major factors during paddy soil formation and development.
Prehistoric pits are filled with ancient topsoil material, which has been preserved there over millennia. A characteristic of these pit fillings is that their colour is different depending on the time the soil material was relocated. Soil colour is the result of soil forming processes and soil properties, and it could therefore indicate the soil characteristics present during that specific period. To the best of our knowledge, no investigation analysed and explained the reasons for these soil colour changes over time. The proposed project will investigate soil parameters from pit fillings of different archaeological periods in the loess area of the Lower Rhine Basin (NW-Germany). It aims to implement the measurement of colour spectra as a novel analytical tool for the rapid analyses of a high number of soil samples: the main goal is to relate highresolution colour data measured by a spectrophotometer to soil parameters that were analysed by conventional pedogenic methods and by mid infrared spectroscopy (MIRS), with a main focus on charred organic matter (BPCAs). This tool would enable us to quantify the variation of soil properties over a timescale of several millennia, during different prehistoric periods at regional scale and for loess soils in general. Detailed information concerning changing soil properties on a regional scale is necessary to determine past soil quality and it helps to increase our understanding of prehistoric soil cultivation practices. Furthermore, these information could also help to increase our understanding about agricultural systems in different archaeological periods.
Magnetic properties of ferrimagnetic minerals depend on their crystal lattice, anisotropy, chemical composition and grain size. The latter parameter is strongly controlled by microstructures, which are significant for the interpretation of the magnetic properties of shocked magnetic minerals. Fracturing and lattice defects are the main causes for magnetic domain size reduction and generate an increase in coercivity and the suppression of magnetic transitions (e.g. 34 K transition in pyrrhotite, Verwey transition in magnetite).Especially for an adequate investigation of shock-induced modifications in ferromagnetic minerals, a combination of microstructural and magnetic measurements is therefore essential.This project focusses on two significant aspects of extreme conditions - the consequence of shock waves on natural material on Earth and on the magnetic mineralogy of exotic magnetic minerals in iron meteorites. In order to obtain general correlations between deformation structures and magnetic properties, the specific magnetic properties and carriers as well as microstructures of samples from two impact structures in marine targets (Lockne and Chesapeake Bay) will be compared with shocked magnetite ore and magnetite-bearing target lithologies from outside the crater (Lockne) as well as from undeformed megablocks within the crater (Chesapeake Bay). We will test the hypothesis if shock-related microstructures and associated magnetic properties can significantly be overprinted by postshock hydrothermal alteration. We especially want to focus on the Verwey transition (TV) as lower TVs are described for shocked impact lithologies. Hence, the main focus of this study lies on magneto-mineralogical investigations which combine low- and high-temperature magnetic susceptibility and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization with mineralogical and microstructural investigations. The same methods will then be used for the investigation of iron meteorites, whose magnetic properties are often controled by exotic magnetic minerals like cohenite, schreibersite and daubreelite in addition to the metal phases. Magnetic transition temperatures of those phases are poorly documented in relation to their chemical composition as well as to their crystallographic and microstructural configuration. For a general understanding of shock-related magnetization processes in extraterrestrial and terrestrial material, however, it is crucial to obtain a general correlation between the initial 'unshocked' state and the subsequent shock- and alteration-related overprints.
Chromium (Cr) is introduced into the environment by several anthropogenic activities. A striking ex-ample is the area around Kanpur in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, where large amounts of Cr-containing wastes have been recently illegally deposited. Hexavalent Cr, a highly toxic and mobile contaminant, is present in significant amounts in these wastes, severely affecting the quality of sur-roundings soils, sediments, and ground waters. The first major goal of this study is to clarify the solid phase speciation of Cr in these wastes and to examine its leaching behavior. X-ray diffraction and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques will be employed for quantitative solid phase speciation of Cr. Its leaching behavior will be studied in column experiments performed at un-saturated moisture conditions with flow interruptions simulating monsoon rain events. Combined with geochemical modeling, the results will allow the evaluation of the leaching potential and release kinetics of Cr from the waste materials. The second major goal is to investigate the spatial distribution, speciation, and solubility of Cr in the rooting zone of chromate-contaminated soils surrounding the landfills, and to study the suitability of biochar as novel soil amendment for mitigating the deleterious effects of chromate pollution. Detailed field samplings and laboratory soil incubation studies will be carried out with two agricultural soils and biochar from the Kanpur region.
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