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Objective: The Wave Dragon is a slack-moored wave energy converter of the overtopping type. It is by far the most powerful wave energy converter and at the same time one of the most energy efficient and economic devices under development today. Since March 2003 a 20kW scale 1:4.5 prototype of a 7MW Wave Dragon has been tested as the world's first floating grid connected wave energy converter. The project will develop the Wave Dragon technology further from the tested all steel-built 20kW prototype to a full size composite built 7MW unit and by testing validate the technical and economic feasibility. The RTD-part of the project will: - Develop Wave Dragon's energy absorbing structure, the low head turbine power take-off system and the control systems. An additional reservoir placed above the existing reservoir level will also be developed. The result of these changes to the overall design will be a significant increase in power production and a reduction in O&M cost. The development of the 7MW unit will be based on the knowledge base established through the tests with the 20kW prototype and the design process will comprise several innovative elements utilizing the O&M experience from the 20kW prototype tests. - Develop cost effective construction methods and establish the optimal combination of in situ cast concrete, post- stressed reinforcement and pre-stressed concrete elements - Develop new supplementary environmental friendly water hydraulic power take-off systems - Demonstrate reliable and cost effective installation procedures and O&M schemes - Establish the necessary basis for design codes and recommendations for floating multi MW wave energy converters. The test program will demonstrate the availability, power production predictability, power production capability and medium to long term electricity generation costs at 0.052EUR/kWh in a wave climate of 24kW/m, which could be found relatively close to the cost at the major part of the Atlantic coast.
Ohne einen kurzfristigen erheblichen Fortschritt wird die Welt das Hygieneziel der Jahrtausendentwicklungsziele (MDG) um eine halbe Milliarde Menschen verfehlen. Betrachtet man etwa die subsaharischen Länder Afrikas, dann hat fast zweidrittel der Bevölkerung (64 Prozent) keine ausreichende Versorgung mit Sanitärenanlagen. In den afrikanischen Ländern schwankt die Menge der Wohnungen und Häuser mit Sanitäreinrichtungen zwischen 84 Prozent in den städtischen Gebieten und 45 Prozent in den ländlichen Gebieten. Um bis 2015 das Ziel einer flächendeckenden Wasserversorgung zu gewährleisten, müssen in den nächsten 15 Jahren für 210 Millionen (194 in den ländlichen Gebieten) Menschen zusätzliche sanitäre Einrichtungen gebaut werden. Das Ziel dieser Koordinierungsmaßnahme ist der Aufbau einer multilateralen, interdisziplinären Interessengruppe von subsaharischen und europäischen Fachleuten für die nachhaltige Entwicklung von Sanitäranlagen. NETSSAF fördert internationale Zusammenarbeit zwischen Forschungsinstitutionen, Verbänden, Universitäten sowie Gesellschafts- und Regierungsinteressengruppe in einem europäischen und subsaharischen Zusammenhang mit einer speziellen Ausrichtung auf die Westafrikanischen Länder. Eine beständige Plattform für Experten und Forschung im Sanitärsektor und ein Sachverständigennetzwerk werden eingerichtet, um nutzbringende Forschung und strategische Aktivitäten zu koordinieren, zu bestimmen und zu leiten, mit dem Ziel einerseits ein optimales Verfahren, Wissenslücken und Grenzen für das weitere Vorgehen zu bestimmen und andererseits Vorschläge für die Richtung zukünftiger Forschungen zu unterbreiten. Das Ziel des vorgeschlagenen Netzwerkes ist es ein Vielfalt an innovativen, anwendbaren und wiederholbaren Ansätzen für eine nachhaltige Sanitärentwicklung zu liefern, welche preiswerten Technologien mit einem auf der Kommune basierendem Management und den unterschiedlichen in den Regionen Afrikas vorherrschenden Bedingungen verbindet. Das Hauptergebnis wird die Entwicklung eines partizipativen Hygiene-Management-Unterstützungsinstruments für mehrere Benutzer sein, das für die Endbenutzer darauf abgezielt, sie in die Lage zu versetzen groß angelegte Hygienekonzepte und Technologien anzuwenden und sie den unterschiedlichen Bedingungen, die in Afrika vorherrschen, anzupassen.
Objective: Major organisations in the European automotive industry have seen substantial benefit from the integration of modelling and simulation into their design process. Today, there is a need for more widespread adoption of engineering simulation throughout the supply chain. At the same time, technology is being developed that offers the potential to reach a new generation of advanced applications.A number of key issues are currently holding these developments back, including: A lack of sufficiently skilled personnel and inefficiencies in their use. Smaller organisations not being ready or able to deploy the technology. Limits to the confidence placed on the reliability of analytical results. Suppliers using different procedures when supplying to different companies. Researchers needing a coordinated industrial view on priorities for the development of breakthrough technologies. AUTOSIM will establish an international team of leading experts representing much of the European automotive industry. They will develop a preliminary set of Best Practice Guidelines, standard analytical procedures and research strategies. They will then consult with the wider automotive industry to gain feedback on the preliminary documents and establish credibility of the final documents.Final authoritative versions of these Best Practice Guidelines, standard analytical procedures and research strategies will be delivered and widely disseminated. Their adoption throughout the industry will: Increase the efficiency and improve the quality of simulation. Increase the efficiency of the supply chain. Enable simulation to be practiced more effectively by a broad range of personnel. Coordinate ongoing research by providing a focused set of priorities. Assist industry to plan its future implementation strategy for simulation. With these actions, AUTOSIM will contribute substantially to advancing design techniques in the European automotive industry.
Objective: To refine and improve atmospheric fluidized bed combustion technology such that: 1. coal fines, coal/water slurry, and fuels from conditioned domestic refuse can be used; 2. noxious emissions (especially SO 2, NO X, HF, HCP, and heavy metals) are reduced; and 3. ashes are disposed off without using special waste tips and in an environmentally acceptable manner. Energy substitution equal to 1500 TOE is projected. General Information: The project was conducted at the existing 6-Mwth AFBC pilot plant Koenig Ludwig in Recklinghausen. This plant, operating since 1980, serves as a steam generator for the industrial sector and provides decentralized heat for the public sector. AFBC technology has operated satisfactorily to date however, numerous technical improvements will be tested in 9 phases: Phase I - Additional equipment to facilitate testing and measuring during the project, the following were installed: storage facilities, handling equipment and feed systems; improvements to the steam generators including absorbent feed systems and secondary air injection system; and additional sampling points. Phase II - Minimization of SO2 HF, and HCL emissions feed devices, which uniformally distribute ultrafine lime powder above the nozzle plate, will be developed. It is expected that minimal additions of limestone will reduce noxious emissions and that ash as well as CaO content in the ash will also be reduced. Phase III - Combustion of washed coal fines prior to the project, the plant could handle only lump-size fuels up to 30mm. A simple and reliable fuel handling and feed system will be developed to handle coal fines. Phase IV - Combustion of coal/water slurry the suitability of coal/water slurry as an AFBC fuel will be tested with regard to mixture stability in transportation and storage, combustion, fuel efficiency and noxious emissions. Phase V - Combustion of eco-briq briquettes plus bituminous coal combustion of conditioned domestic refuse combined with bituminous coal will be tested with an emphasis on reducing emissions of inorganic chlorine compounds. Phase VI - SECONDARY AIR INJECTION The plant was equipped with secondary air injectors and the radiation chamber (freeboard) enlarged by using a suitable refractory lining. It was expected that this would improve the burn-up rate and reduce NO X and CO emissions. PHASE VII/VIII - ASH UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL The solubility of trace element compounds in AFBC ashes were analysed. A lysimeter, consisting of a 10 m3 open tank exposed to the weather, will be used. Its rain and snow-water contents will be examined for trace element compounds. Potential applications for using AFBC ash was to be developed. PHASE IX - EVALUATION/REPORT Combustion of highly sulphur loaded GCA combined with bituminous coal to be tested with emphasis on reducing SO2-emission. Achievements: PHASE I: Systems and components for storing, feeding and distributing of granulated and pulverized limestone above
Die Projektgebiete liegen in Deutschland, Italien und Spanien. Deutschland: Scharnhauser Park: In Ostfildern am südlichen Rand von Stuttgart entsteht auf einem ehemaligen amerikanischen Militärgelände der Stadtteil Scharnhauser Park für rund 10.000 Bewohner und mit etwa 2.500 Arbeitsplätzen. Zu rund 80 Prozent soll der Energiebedarf aus erneuerbarer Energie gedeckt werden. Kern des Energiekonzeptes für den Stadtteil ist ein Biomasse-Blockheizkraftwerk mit 1 MW elektrischer und 6 MW thermischer Leistung. Die Anlage wird optimiert, eine Ist-Analyse ist bereits erstellt worden. Mit der im Sommer ungenutzten Wärmeenergie soll künftig Kälte für die Klimatisierung von Gewerbebauten erzeugt werden. Neben der ganzjährigen Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien für die Kraft-Wärme-Kältekopplung ist auch Energiespeicherung (zentral und dezentral) und ein kommunales Energiemanagementsystem auf der Basis modernster Informationstechnologien vorgesehen. Das zafh.net liefert Know-how der simulationsgestützten Regelung von Anlagen und setzt betriebsbegleitende Simulationen ein. In Echtzeit soll aus den klimatischen Randbedingungen der optimale Betriebszustand berechnet und mit den real gemessenen Werten verglichen werden. Als Basis ist ein Geoinformationssystem entwickelt worden, mit dem die Energiedaten der Gebäude erfasst und ausgewertet werden können. Die Gebäude unterliegen einem hohen Dämmstandard (25 Prozent unter den in der Wärmeschutzverordnung 1995 geforderten Werten). Bei den im Projekt neu dazukommenden Wohn- und Gewerbebauten wird der Transmissionswärmeverlust um weitere 20-30 Prozent gesenkt. Die ersten Wohnbauten wurden im Herbst 2005 vom Siedlungswerk Stuttgart erstellt. Mit Argon gefüllte Fenster mit erhöhter Rahmendämmungund Kunststoff-Abstandhaltern erreichen einen Gesamt-Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten von 1,1 W m-2 K-1. In diesem ersten Bauabschnitt sind reine Abluftanlagen ohne Wärmerückgewinnung installiert worden, in späteren Bauabschnitten sollen Anlagen mit Wärmerückgewinnung einer Vergleichsanalyseunterzogen werden. Die Gebäudedichtigkeit wird mit Blower-Door-Tests experimentell untersucht. Der Energiestandard wird bei allen Bauten dokumentiert. Messgeräte für die Fernauslese und Auswertung (Smartbox) sind bereits installiert. ImGewerbegebiet wird im März 2006 ein erstes Demoprojekt zur innovativen Gebäudetechnologie (Heizung, Lüftung, Klima) mit etwa 4.000 m2 Nutzfläche erstellt. In der Ausführungsplanung enthalten sind: thermische Kühlung, Erdreichwärmetauscher, Betonkernaktivierung (zur Kühlung) ein Unterflurkonvektions-Heiz- und Kühlsystem, ein Tageslicht-Lenksystem. Nicht nur das Biomassekraftwerk liefert Strom, sondern auch gebäudeintegrierte PV-Anlagen. Ziel ist eine Leistung von insgesamt 70 kWp. Zudem wird die kinetische Energie des Wassers genutzt: Das aus den Hochbehältern ins Netz abfließende Trinkwasser treibt eine 80-kW-Entspannungsturbine an.
MODELKEY comprises a mulitdisciplinary approach aiming at developing interlinked and verified predictive modelling tools as well as state-of-the-art effect-assessment and analytical methods generally applicable to European freshwater and marine ecosystems: 1) to assess, forecast, and mitigate the risks of traditional and recently evolving pollutants on fresh water and marine ecosystems and their biodiversity at a river basin and adjacent marine environment scale, 2) to provide early warning strategies on the basis of sub-lethal effects in vitro and in vivo, 3) to provide a better understanding of cause-effect-relationships between changes in biodiversity and the ecological status, as addressed by the Water Framework Directive, and the impact of environmental pollution as causative factor, 4) to provide methods for state-of-the-art risk assessment and decision support systems for the selection of the most efficient management options to prevent effects on biodiversity and to prioritise contamination sources and contaminated sites, 5) to strengthen the scientific knowledge on an European level in the field of impact assessment of environmental pollution on aquatic eco-systems and their biodiversity by extensive training activities and knowledge dissemination to stakeholders and the scientific community. This goal shall be achieved by combining innovative predictive tools for modelling exposure on a river basin scale including the estuary and the coastal zone, for modelling effects on higher levels of biological organisation with powerful assessment tools for the identification of key modes of action, key toxicants and key parameters determining exposure. The developed tools will be verified in case studies representing European key areas including Mediterranean, Western and Central European river basins. An end-user-directed decision support system will be provided for cost-effective tool selection and appropriate risk and site prioritisation.
Objective: This project aims to develop, assess and train on various production chains for motor vehicle fuels ligno-cellulosic biomass sources will be used as feedstock to produce synthesis gas from which various vehicle fuels can be derived: CH4, methanol/DME, ethanol (thermo-chemical and enzymatic pathway) and a novel biomass-to-liquid (BTL) fuel. The project will develop and evaluate the respective processing technologies with a view to producing cost effective premium fuels for current and future combustion engines from a wide bandwidth of feedstock. Within 4 vertical subprojects, alternative thermo-chemical gasification, enzymatic fuel production and fuel synthesis processes will be considered, while 2 horizontal subprojects are directed towards technology assessment and training. Two pilot-produced fuels (DME and BTL) will be submitted to extensive motor-tests by 4 leading European car manufacturers within this project. Other fuels will be made available for tests in various other European R&D projects. It is envisaged that this project will lead to the introduction of favourably priced biomass-derived fuels for motor vehicles, from 2010 onwards. Apart from achieving scientific and technological results, RENEW has the vision to develop commonly agreed strategic recommendations, based on an understanding among relevant players in industry, agriculture and research concerning the technological and market potential of different bio-fuels and their production technologies. RENEW is novel and hugely important to Europe. It offers major Kyoto Protocol benefits, enhances the sustainability and security of vehicle fuel supply, and has positive Regional socio-economic impacts. RENEW involves 31 partners, including 7 SME, from 9 EU MS and AS countries. The consortium has the necessary 'critical mass' to achieve its goals and develop the technology to commercial stage beyond the end of the project.
Objective: The strategic objectives of the European Rail Research Network of Excellence (EUR2EX) are: 1.To integrate the fragmented European Rail Research landscape by networking together the critical mass of resources and expertise to provide European leadership and be a world class player, 2.To promote the railway contribution to sustainable transport policy, 3.To improve the competitiveness and economic stability of the railway sector and industry by:creating a durable integrated network of excellence in rail resea rch, technology innovation and knowledge management from the research capacities of universities and institutions, implementing knowledge from rail operators, rail industry incl. SME, with priority given to engineering interfaces and methods for product qu alification in line with ERRAC's SRRA.EUR2EX will have as its foundation six regional/supra regional networks with 67 members and some 670 researchers. Each region has nominated a representative who will be a formal participant for the purpose of the EC co ntract and lean management structure. EUR2EX will encourage new networks to be formed where justified incl. a CEEC network.The members of the regional networks will provide the researchers and research projects that will be integrated and form the research base for new joint projects. UIC, UNIFE and UITP will be EUR2EX participants. They will not provide researchers for integration but their involvement and support are crucial to the success of EUR2EX.EUR2EX will have close links with selected companies tha t have specific knowledge but who may not be able to commit themselves to formal integration. These companies have been identified as associate members.The process of integration of excellence takes place on the basis of a JPA with integrating activities, jointly executed research while sharing research platforms, facilities and activities for spreading excellence to be transferred into a durable integration based on a profound business case.'
Objective: Electricity production by gasification of 6350 tonnes per year of fuel wood from forestry waste, communal wood waste and energy plantations in a three stage gas generator in the district of Rottweil. 100 ha of short rotation forestry (poplar and other species) will be planted in a first step. The power output amounts to 990 kWe and additional use of waste heat and gas for heating purpose is foreseen. The production amounts to 7,130,000 kWh. A particular attention will be given to the fuel wood logistics and notably to a 3 months capacity fuel wood storage. The payback time is estimated at 15 years. General Information: The 600 m3 silos, gasifier modules, cogeneration and control room are installed underground. This minimizes noise and also enables the trucks to drive over the silos for direct unloading. The woodchips are dried to approx. 25 per cent moisture content in a vertical rotating conical dryer by means of the available heat from the gas plant. The pre-dried woodchips enter the 3 stage EASIMOD 3500 kWh gasifier. The first stage is an underfeed co-current primary reactor producing primary gas with flying charcoal at about 650 deg. C. Gas is then reformed at approx. 900 deg. C in a separate Venturi burner with secondary air inlet and charcoal/activated carbon extraction. Tars and phenols are cracked. The third step is a separate glowing coke reactor which acts as a safety for tars and phenols cracking and as a gas heating value booster. Gas cleaning consists of dry dedusting in multicyclones, followed by a two-step scrubbing (impingement scrubber plus packed scrubber). The gas is cooled down to approx. 20 deg. C and the heat obtained is then used for predrying the fuel in the woodchips dryer. Ammonia washed out in the scrubbing water is stripped in a packed bed stripper. A waste water treatment plant is foreseen. The dryer, gasifier and gas scrubber are conceived as separate frame-mounted modules. The whole plant runs automatically. The electricity produced will be fed into the medium 20 KV voltage municipal grid. The heat recovered simultaneously will be used in a following step for the heating of a nearby village.
Objective: To modify an existing QSL reactor to enable the demonstration of the energy-saving, low-pollution process. This requires operating the unit on a continuous basis -vs. the current batch-operation - for 6 months and then switching to cheaper feedstock for an other 6 months. General Information: In the 30,000 TPY QSL-plant of the Berzelius company, initial tests were run to show that it can be operated with an energy-saving of approximately 50 per cent, using lower-value feedstock while reducing SO2 and dust emissions by over 80 per cent The key of the QSL process is that it is a one-step process - compared to two steps in conventional lead-smelting - taking place in one single reactor. This enables the reduction of SO2 emissions by some 93 per cent and dust by 80 per cent. The lead-concentrate (feed) is mixed with fluxes, water and recycled flue dust in a mixer and is then pelletised into so-called green pellets which are kept wet to avoid dusting problems. They are fed into the reactor which is separated into an oxidation and a reduction zone. In the oxidation zone oxygen is blown in to oxidise the lead sulfides to metallic lead and high-lead slag. The high-lead slag passes into the reduction zone, which is separated from the oxidation zone by a weir. Pulverized coal and air or oxygen are blown into the reduction zone from the bottom. The coal reduces the lead oxide contained in the slag to metallic lead, which recombines with the primary lead from the oxidation zone before being tapped. The reduced low-lead slag leaves the reactor via an overflow and is either granulated or processed to recover the zone. The SO2-containing off-gas leaves the oxidation zone of the reactor at appr. 1100 deg. C. It is cooled to less than 800 deg. C. in a vertical uptake before passing to a waste heat boiler, an electro-filter and a sulfuric acid plant. The remaining flue dusts go back to the above mixer. To confirm the initial tests, the reactor needs to operate continuously for 6 months (Phase I) after which the feedstock will be switched to cheaper sulfur-containing coal and waste-fuels such as Petroleum coke (Phase II). The cost of the project is DM 10,9 million of which approximately DM 5 million covers Phase I. The benefit of the project is an estimated 30-35 per cent reduction in both investment and operating costs i.e., for a 100,000 TPY lead smelter the investment is approximately DM 150 million for a conventional plant vs. DM 100 million for a QSL-plant and the energy saving equivalent to 10.4 TOE. Patent coverage exists through 5 different patents. Achievements: The object of the project supported by the European Community was the demonstration that the QSL process exhibits only 50 per cent of the energy consumption required in conventional lead smelting. The target of the test as described was reached almost completely with the demonstration plant over a test period of considerable duration. In addition, success was also attained in replacing..
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