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Objective: The aim of this project is to turn 4 core communities (Germany, Austria, Luxemburg, Poland) with clearly defined system borders and 14 - 20.000 inhabitants each into CONCERTO communities. A mix of different EE and RES demonstrations (including refurbishment of old buildings, eco-buildings and polygeneration, all underpinned with complete business plans) will allow to avoid about 300 GWh/yr end energy from fossil sources, thus avoiding 94.000 tons CO2/yr, and saving 22.9 mio Euro/yr of disbursements for extra-communal electricity and heat deliveries. The application of the Decentralised Energy Management System (DEMS) will allow for local and inter-communal operation, monitoring and control of energy consumption, storage and generation units and grids, including DSM and LCP, thereby exploring a EE potential of at least 5Prozent. The target in RES coverage for 2010 is of resp. 39 to 62Prozent of the then remaining electricity and heat demand. EnerMAS, a low-threshold version of the European environmental management system.
The proposed regulation concerning the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals (REACH) requires demonstration of the safe manufacture of chemicals and their safe use throughout the supply chain. There is therefore a strong need to strengthen and advance human and environmental risk assessment knowledge and practices with regard to chemicals, in accord with the precautionary principle. The goal of the project OSIRIS is to develop integrated testing strategies (ITS) fit for REACH that enable to significantly increase the use of non-testing information for regulatory decision making, and thus minimise the need for animal testing. To this end, operational procedures will be developed, tested and disseminated that guide a transparent and scientifically sound evaluation of chemical substances in a risk-driven, context-specific and substance-tailored (RCS) manner. The envisaged decision theory framework includes alternative methods such as chemical and biological read-across, in vitro results, in vivo information on analogues, qualitative and quantitative structure-activity relationships, thresholds of toxicological concern and exposure-based waiving, and takes into account cost-benefit analyses as well as societal risk perception. It is based on the new REACH paradigm to move away from extensive standard testing to a more intelligent, substance-tailored approach. The work will be organised in five interlinked research pillars (chemical domain, biological domain, exposure, integration strategies and tools, case studies), with a particular focus on more complex, long-term and high-cost endpoints. Case studies will demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the new ITS methodologies, and provide guidance in concrete form. To ensure optimal uptake of the results obtained in this project, end-users in industry and regulatory authorities will be closely involved in monitoring and in providing specific technical contributions to this project.
The Mediterranean Partner Countries of the European Union are confronted with a rapidly increasing energy demand caused by a growing population especially in cities and increasing living standards. The region has a great potential for the use of renewable energies, notably solar energy due to its high level of solar radiation. However, only a small variety of solar thermal technologies is used in the region. The state of technology and the political support mechanisms vary strongly across the region and in relation to the EU countries, where new solar thermal applications for water and space heating as well as cooling are developed. SOLATERM is an EU-funded project that brings together research institutions, energy agencies, authorities and enterprises from EU and the Southern Mediterranean partners. The project consortium with partners from eight Southern Mediterranean and five EU countries has the aim of promoting the application of a new generation of solar thermal systems in the Mediterranean partner countries. SOLATERM combines the technological know-how of EU research institutions with the specific experiences and knowledge of the Southern Mediterranean partners. The EU partners provide important experiences in developing a successful political framework to boost the use of renewable energy.
Objective: The objective is to develop a low-cost, low temperature, portable direct methanol fuel cell device. It will also offer limited operation on ethanol fuel and will be of compact construction and modular design. The development will include novel proton exchange membranes, anode and cathode electro catalysts and fully optimised multilayer membrane electrode assemblies. New low-cost proton exchange membranes will be developed to reduce the methanol crossover rate through the electrolyte to levels significantly lower than that of currently available materials (e.g. Nafion). New electro catalyst materials will be developed to enhance the low temperature methanol (and ethanol) electro-oxidation activity of the anode. Catalyst development for the cathode will focus on enhancing the oxygen reduction activity of platinum electro catalyst and increasing its selectivity to enhance methanol tolerance. The structure of the electro catalyst and electrode layers will be optimised to promote efficient operation at low temperatures with practical flows and pressures. System optimisation, simplification and miniaturization will be carried out. The final performance objectives will be: single cells operating at 0.5V / cell at 0.2 Acm-2 at 30-60 C (in atmospheric pressure air). Prototypes of 100 and later 500 W stacks, operating at low temperatures with aimed electrical characteristics of 40 A/12.5 V, will be the targets of the project. The effective operation at this low temperature is particularly challenging. Additionally a conceptual study for up-scale will be supplied. A narrow collaboration between research centres and industry will make possible a rapid exploitation of the new components and system developments. A SME will be responsible for the integration and will deliver the prototypes. The potential market for portable fuel cells includes weather stations, medical devices, signal units, auxiliary power units, gas sensors and security cameras.
The scale of influence of global change and the added value of co-ordinating the scientific activities of the EU and North American countries to assess, predict and mitigate the effects on marine ecosystems of the North Atlantic and their services is the justification for the development of the BASIN SSA. An important step towards such a co-ordinated approach is the development of an implementation plan where by jointly funded international projects can be supported. The development of such a plan is the first key goal of BASIN. The second goal of BASIN is to develop an integrated basin-scale North Atlantic research program, for submission to the EU 7th framework program, US NSF and Canadian NSERC for joint funding. Programmatic goals will be achieved in working groups including experts from both the EU and North America as well as delegates from funding organisations. As a prerequisite for the development of the research proposal, this SSA will (1) assess the status of climate related ecosystem research in the North Atlantic basin and associated shelf seas, (2) identify gaps in systematic observations and process understanding of atmospheric and oceanic parameters, (3) identify the potential for consolidation of long-term observations from EU and international databases for modelling and prediction. The BASIN research program will focus on: Resolving the natural variability, potential impacts and feedbacks of global change on the structure, function and dynamics of ecosystems; Improving the understanding of marine ecosystem functioning; Developing ecosystem based management strategies. Hence, BASIN will contribute significantly to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) 10-Year Implementation Plan via the development of comprehensive, coordinated, and sustained observations of the Earth System, improved monitoring of the state of the Earth, increased understanding of Earth processes, and enhanced prediction.
Der Einsatz von Wasserstoff als Kraftstoff im Straßenverkehr führt nur dann zu bedeutenden ökologischen Vorteilen, wenn der Sekundärenergieträger Wasserstoff aus erneuerbaren Energiequellen gewonnen wird. Andernfalls findet im Wesentlichen nur eine Verlagerung der Emission von Klimagasen und Schadstoffen statt, vom Auspuff des Fahrzeugs zum Ort der Wasserstoff-Erzeugung. Zwar können sich auch hierdurch gewisse Umweltvorteile ergeben; diese würden jedoch den Aufwand für den notwendigen, drastischen Umbau des Treibstoffsystems von Mineralöl auf Wasserstoff nicht rechtfertigen. Ziel des Projekts EUHYFIS (EUropean HYdrogen Filling Station) war eine Tankstelle, die den Wasserstoff vor Ort aus 'grünem Strom gewinnt und speichert. Dabei ging es einerseits um die Anpassung von Komponenten, andererseits um die Entwicklung eines abgestimmten Gesamtsystems. Zur Komponentenanpassung gehörten die Modifikation eines Erdgas-Kompressors zur Verdichtung von Wasserstoff sowie die Optimierung eines Elektrolyseurs hinsichtlich seiner Energie-Effizienz und seiner Beständigkeit gegenüber - für Wind- und Solarenergie typischen - Schwankungen der elektrischen Leistung. Ferner ging es um Sicherheitsanforderungen in ausgewählten europäischen Ländern, um die Modellierung und Optimierung des Gesamtsystems sowie um die Bestimmung der ökologischen Vorteile von Wasserstoff als Kraftstoff (Umweltbilanzierung). Von PLANET ging die Initiative für das Projekt aus. Die Idee entstand 1997 im Rahmen einer Studie für die Inselgemeinde Norderney zu den Potentialen schadstoffarmer Busantriebe. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt waren jedoch weder Brennstoffzellenbusse noch eine geeignete Wasserstoffversorgung auf der Basis erneuerbarer Energiequellen verfügbar. PLANET entwickelte die Grundzüge für EUHYFIS und suchte und fand geeignete Partner für das Projekt. Mitglieder des Konsortiums wurden unter anderem Bauer Kompressoren aus München, deutscher Marktführer für Erdgastankstellen, und Casale Chemicals aus Lugano (Schweiz) mit langjähriger Erfahrung in Entwicklung und Bau von Elektrolyseuren. Die Forschungsdienstleister wurden ausgewählt und der Projektantrag im Detail ausgearbeitet. Die Europäische Kommission sagte Ende 1998 Mittel aus dem CRAFT-Programm für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) zu. PLANET leitete das Projekt organisatorisch und inhaltlich. Dazu gehörte auch die Vorbereitung von nachfolgenden Demonstrationsvorhaben. Allerdings wurde nach Abschluss der Entwicklungsarbeiten deutlich, dass in Zukunft höhere Betankungsdrücke für Wasserstoff-getriebene Fahrzeuge erwartet würden, um größere Reichweiten zu ermöglichen. Der neue vorläufige Standard sollte 350 bar sein. Langfristig werden 700 bar angestrebt. Das EUHYFIS-Konzept war jedoch, in Anlehnung an Erdgas als Kraftstoff, auf einen maximalen Lieferdruck von 300 bar ausgelegt. Von einer Weiterentwicklung sah das Konsortium wegen vorerst begrenzter Marktperspektiven daher zunächst ab.
Objective: Testing and demonstration of a 3 MW wind turbine to gain experience in technical and design approval, operational qualification and economics on the long term. Is the bladed wind turbine second generation large wecs intended for series production, important component innovation ultra light weight composite rotor. Expected annual yield: 6750 MWh. General Information: The design at AEOLUS II wind turbine is based on the existing AEOLUS WTS 75 which has been built on Gotland by Kamewa and MBB. The valuable experience gained will be used in order to improve and reduce cost of the AEOLUS II (WTS 80-3) which will have a nominal power of 3 MW, rotor diam of 80 m and a 86,6 m tower. The 2 blades are built of composite material (GRP/CRP). The nacelle is built in a very compact way thanks to a bevelled gear in the train. This system enables the generator to be placed on the top of the tower and do not yaw with the nacelle. The conical concrete tower has a total weight of 750 tons, with 10 m diameter at the bottom and 4,5 m at the top. It is an upwind type wind turbine with active yaw and fixed hub. Control of power is achieved by changing the pitch of the blades. Nacelle, hub and rotor are self-erecting in order to facilitate O and M. The 3000 kW generator is of asynchronous type connected to the grid via a 6KV-23KV transformer. Operational range of wind speeds is 6 to 25 m/s. Nominal power to be reached at about 15m/s. A detailed measurement phase will follow the installation and the commissioning , during which it will be possible to evaluable the performance of the machine and draw useful conclusions for the commercial machine. This project is a cooperation between MBB and Kamewa (Sweden) for the design and manufacturing, and between MBB and Preusenclektva (DE) for the demonstration phase and the follow-up, when the machine will operate as a power generating plan. The life time of this machine is calculated to be 30 years and the payback time has been estimated to 22 years.
Objective: Photovoltaic, hybrid electricity supplies for five different sites in the German Alps. The mountain huts are not connected to the grid. Lightning protection of the systems is a major concern. Economic operation and reduced ecological pollution are aims of the project. General Information: Five remote sites are equipped with PV generators for lighting, household appliances, communication equipment and water pumping. The auxiliary generators are foreseen to operate only if the demand cannot be met by the pv part. In the four small installation the inverter operates only on demand of 220 V ac load. The two larger systems use a special transformerless inverter (developed for the project SE/134/83, Rappenecker Hof), which is operating continuously. 'Global monitoring' is made for the small installations, and 'Analytical monitoring' for the two larger stations. Nr. of subsystems: 5 Power of subsystems: 900, 1000, 1040, 5000, 5400 Wp Total power: 13,3 kWp Backup: Diesel, gas (and wind at one site) Number of modules: 266 Module description: 20 Siemens SM50 (Purtscheller) and 152 AEG PQ36/45 (Brunnstein, Meiler, Mindelheim) and 94 TST MQ36D/53 (Watzmann). Connection: 24 V (for systems smaller than+ 1 kWp) or special Support: special mounting (no holes in the roof) on the sheet metal roofs Max power tracker: none Charge controller: special design by Uhlmann Solarelectronic, IBC Battery: Bayern, Fiamm, Hoppecke, Hagen Batt. (V): 24 V for systems smaller than= 1kWp; special connection for the 2 large systems Capacity (Ah): 100 and 150 Ah at 162 V, 500 and 600 Ah at 24 V. Inverter: Special transformerless inverter at two sites. (Watzmannhaus and Mindelheimer Huette) with 10 kVA each of FhG-ISE (sinusoidal). At two other sites (Purtscheller and Brunnstein): 'Al-elektronic' (trapezoidal) with 1.6 kVA each. At Meiler Huette: 'Sunpower' 2 kVA (sinusoidal). Load description: For lights: fluorescent lamps for 24 V and 230 V. Water pump. Low consumption household appliances, freezers, refrigerators, dish washers ecc. Monitoring: 'Global' for the 4 small systems, 11 data, daily, manual reading of mechanical meters. 'Analytical' for the two larger systems: data, hourly averages stored in data logger.
Objective: The application of drag reducing hydrous tenside solutions causes a reduction of drag-dependent pressure losses in the case of turbulent pipe flows. The pressure loss reduction achievable can amount to 80-85 per cent when the medium flows through straight pipes. The drag reducing effect can be used in existing district heating systems to save pump current and to raise supply capacity. When planning new district heating networks investment costs are saved by applying drag reducing additives because in this case system elements (pipes, accoutrements, measuring sensors, etc.) of smaller nominal diameters can be installed. General Information: In 1988 and in 1990 two field tests on a transport duct of the 'District Heating System of the Saar region' having a nominal diameter of DN 450 and a duct length of 1,200 m (connection between the power station Fenne and the central station Voelklingen) were carried out (under contract EC./00072/86/DE). In well-aimed tests programmes executed within the framework of the two-large-scale tests, the transfer from laboratory scale to commercial scale (1: 20) as well as individual system elements, such as heat exchangers, pumps, pipe bends and flow meters, were tested. During these tests, volume flow rate, temperature as well as applied concentrations of drag reducing additives were varied in order to find out an optimal application range and an optimal tenside effect. Since January 1993 a long term test is being carried out in a representative district heating system (a partial system of the district heating network of the Saar region, the network Voelklingen-Luisenthal). The above-mentioned network is equipped with a pipeline of a nominal diameter DN 200. The pipe length amounts to 850 m. It is the objective of this 3rd demonstration test to prove the long-term stability of the additive system used and to check the real applicability of drag reducing additives. In particular, two plate heat exchangers specially designed for tenside application are being tested. The drag reducing additives applied are a mixture of dobone-G and sodium salicylate dissolved in district heating water. The applied concentration of the substances is 1,500 wppm of dobone-G and 720 wppm of sodium salicylate. These concentrations proved to be successful with regard to their effect and range of application both in laboratory tests and during the two preceding large-scale tests. The planned test duration is 1.5 years, however, it is to be prolonged when the application of drag reducing additives turns out to be successful. Achievements: During the execution of the measurements in the district heating network Luisenthal the grag reducing effect of the tensides applied could again be proved. A detailed examination of the variation of the pressure loss with the volume flow rate showed that on average a pressure loss reduction of approx. 60 per cent can be achieved in the test network. Especially in the area of high volume flow rates..
Objective: The aim of Wingy-Pro is to demonstrate the first ever large size transversal flux generator in an existing wind turbine. A determining factor for increasing the profitability of an offshore wind farm is the installation of wind turbines with a significantly high power capacity and low weight. Until now, the designs of large capacity turbines for offshore applications have been an up scaling of the existing smaller models. This has led to the construction of wind turbines with huge physical dimensions (e.g.: The E-112 has a hub height of 124 m and a rotor diameter of 114 m). Consequently, the weight of the turbines has increased considerably and the material-resistance of the blades, has been taken almost to its limits (rotor blades can reach a length of up to 61 m). These large dimension and weight have a negative influence on the economic efficiency of those offshore applications, because of the high costs for the foundation, transport and installation of the wind turbines. The objective of the project is to carry out the design and development of an improved generator technique through the transverse flux generator (TFG) with permanent magnets in the rotor. There are single-, two- or multi-phase machines, depending on the number of independent stator windings, which are mounted axially on the machine shaft. This technique has been known in the electro-field for years, but due to its strong vibrations and high noise emissions, it has been hardly used. Nowadays however, thanks to new and innovative manufacturing methods and to the development in modern micro-processing controls, the TFG can be used in practical applications.
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