Der Botanische Sondergarten Wandsbeck gibt zum fünften Mal das Ergebnis der Wahl zur Giftpflanze des Jahres bekannt. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Nominierungen im Bereich der Natur des Jahres kann jeder Kandidaten vorschlagen und sich an der Abstimmung beteiligen. 2009 ist der Tabak [Nicotiana ssp.] zur Giftpflanze des Jahres gewählt worden.
Taxonomie: Solanaceae ( Familie Nachtschattengewächse) Nicotiana ( Gattung ) Nicotiana tabacum L. ( Art Virginischer Tabak) Blühmonate: Juni –September Lebensform: Therophyt (annuell) Fortpflanzung: Samen (Anemochorie) Floristischer Status: U Schutzstatus: BNatSchG: nicht besonders geschützt
Aus dem Bereich der pflanzengenetischen Ressourcen stellt Deutschland Daten über die nationalen Genbankbestände bereit. Dies umfasst die Sammlungsbestände • der nationalen Ex-situ-Genbank des Leibniz-Institutes für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK) mit knapp 150.000 Akzessionen aus über 3.000 verschiedenen Kulturpflanzenarten, • der Deutschen Genbank Obst mit über 1.000 Akzessionen zu den Fruchtarten Apfel, Kirsche und Erdbeere, • der Deutschen Genbank Reben mit über 4.400 Akzessionen, • der Deutschen Genbank Zierpflanzen mit über 12.000 Akzessionen, darunter v.a. Daten über Rhododendron und Rose, • der Genbank für Wildpflanzen für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (WEL) mit über 3.000 Akzessionen einheimischer Wildpflanzen, • der Genbank Tabak mit knapp 800 Akzessionen, • und Informationen über aktuelle Züchtersorten („Varieties for Diversity“), die von deutschen Züchtern für das Multilaterale System des Internationalen Saatgutvertrages bereitgestellt werden. Zur Gewährleistung eines effizienten Datenaustauschs entsprechen die Datenfelder den inter-national abgestimmten Vorgaben des EURISCO-Austauschformats, welches im Wesentlichen auf der "Multi-Crop Passport Descriptor List" von FAO und Bioversity International beruht. Die oben genannten Sammlungsbestände und weiterführende Informationen werden im Nationalen Inventar pflanzengenetischer Ressourcen in Deutschland (PGRDEU) bereitgestellt unter http://pgrdeu.genres.de/index.
Daten zur Wasserversorgung in der Landwirtschaft werden auf der Grundlage des Umweltstatistikgesetzes (UStatG), zuletzt novelliert am 16.8.2005, erhoben (§8). Erfasst werden Gewinnung und Bezug von Wasser für Zwecke der Bewässerung sowie der Wassereinsatz und die bewässerte Fläche nach Kulturarten. Bei beregneten landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen handelt es sich überwiegend um Kartoffeln, Zuckerrüben, Mais und Tabak. Zu den gärtnerischen Kulturen zählen vorwiegend Gemüse, Zierpflanzen, Gartenbausämereien, Erdbeeren und Spargel. Bei den Dauerkulturen wurden hauptsächlich Obst- und Rebland sowie Baumschulen beregnet.
Background The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study has generated a wealth of data on death and disability outcomes in Europe. It is important to identify the disease burden that is attributable to risk factors and, therefore, amenable to interventions. This paper reports the burden attributable to risk factors, in deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), in the 28 European Union (EU) countries, comparing exposure to risks between them, from 2007 to 2017. Methods Retrospective descriptive study, using secondary data from the GBD 2017 Results Tool. For the EU-28 and each country, attributable (all-cause) age-standardized death and DALY rates, and summary exposure values are reported. Results In 2017, behavioural and metabolic risk factors showed a higher attributable burden compared with environmental risks, with tobacco, dietary risks and high systolic blood pressure standing out. While tobacco and air quality improved significantly between 2007 and 2017 in both exposure and attributable burden, others such as childhood maltreatment, drug use or alcohol use did not. Despite significant heterogeneity between EU countries, the EU-28 burden attributable to risk factors decreased in this period. Conclusion Accompanying the improvement of population health in the EU-28, a comparable trend is visible for attributable burden due to risk factors. Besides opportunities for mutual learning across countries with different disease/risk factors patterns, good practices (i.e. tobacco control in Sweden, air pollution mitigation in Finland) might be followed. On the opposite side, some concerning cases must be highlighted (i.e. tobacco in Bulgaria, Latvia and Estonia or drug use in Czech Republic). © The Author(s) 2021
Background Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk-outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk-outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk-outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30†652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 108 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 951-121) deaths (192% [169-213] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 871 million (812-931) deaths (154% [146-162] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253-350) DALYs (116% [103-131] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0-9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10-24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25-49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50-74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. © 2020 The Author(s).
Indoor air concentrations of formaldehyde, furfural, benzaldehyde, and 11 aliphatic aldehydes (C2-C11) were measured in residences of 639 participants in the German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V). Sampling was conducted using passive samplers over periods of approximately seven days for each participant. The most abundant compounds were formaldehyde and hexanal with median concentrations of 24.9 (micro)g m-3 and 10.9 (micro)g m-3, respectively. Formaldehyde concentrations exceeded the Guide Value I recommended by the German Committee on Indoor Guide Values (Ausschuss für Innenraumrichtwerte - AIR) (0.10 mg m-3) for 0.3% of the participating residences. The sum of aliphatic n-aldehydes between C4 (butanal) and C11 (undecanal) exceeded their Guide Value (0.10 mg m-3) for 2.0% of the residences. The geometric mean concentrations of most aldehydes were lower than in the earlier GerES IV (2003-2006) study. Formaldehyde and hexanal concentrations, however, were comparable in both studies and showed no significant difference. Indoor aldehyde concentrations did not exhibit significant correlations with factors collected in questionnaires, such as the age of the participants, their socio-economic status, the location of the residence (former East/West Germany), migration background, tobacco exposure, and the type of furniture used. The validity of the passive sampler measurements was verified against active sampling techniques in a test chamber experiment. © 2021 The Authors
Der Direktor des Landeslabors Berlin-Brandenburg (LLBB), Dr. Mike Neumann, übergab bei einem Pressetermin am 12.10.2022 den Jahresbericht 2021 an die Brandenburger Verbraucherschutzstaatssekretärin Anna Heyer-Stuffer und den Berliner Verbraucherschutzstaatssekretär Markus Kamrad. Vertiefend wurde die Arbeit des Labors zum Schutz vor Lebensmittelkriminalität (Food Fraud) am Beispiel der analytischen Überprüfung von als „Waldheidelbeeren“ deklarierten Heidelbeeren vorgestellt. Nahezu alles, womit Bürgerinnen und Bürger in Berührung kommen – vom Ackerboden bis zur Zahnbürste, wird im Rahmen der Überwachung im LLBB geprüft und beurteilt. Der vorgelegte Jahresbericht zeigt das breite Untersuchungsspektrum und gibt interessante Einblicke hinter die Kulissen des gemeinsamen Landeslabors der Länder Berlin und Brandenburg. In der Tierseuchendiagnostik wurden insgesamt 654.602 Proben analysiert. Eine besondere Herausforderung ist dabei nach wie vor die im September 2020 über die Oder nach Brandenburg gekommene Afrikanische Schweinepest (ASP). Hinzu kommt eine große Bandbreite an Erregern meldepflichtiger Tierkrankheiten und anzeigepflichtiger Tierseuchen, deren schneller Nachweis ein wichtiges Instrument bei deren Bekämpfung und Eindämmung ist. Große Probenzahlen entfallen beispielsweise auf serologische Massenuntersuchungen bei Rindern zur Aufrechterhaltung des Status als BHV1- und BVD-freie Region. Im Bereich Umwelt und Strahlenschutz untersuchte das Landeslabor insgesamt 30.615 Proben . Hinzu kommen 5.938 landwirtschaftliche Proben wie Futtermittel, Düngemittel, Ernteprodukte/Pflanzen, Landwirtschaftliche Böden und Saatgut. 2021 sind im Landeslabor 25.522 Lebensmittelproben , 507 Proben von Wein und Weinerzeugnissen, 2.562 Proben von Bedarfsgegenständen und Kosmetika, 228 Proben von Tabak und Tabakerzeugnissen sowie 731 Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte eingegangen. Diese werden jeweils individuell einer umfassenden Untersuchung auf verschiedene Parameter unterzogen – von der Überprüfung der Kennzeichnung bis zu aufwändigen Rückstandsanalysen. Darüber hinaus wurden 8.592 Proben im Rahmen des Nationalen Rückstandskontrollplans für Tiere und Erzeugnisse tierischer Herkunft auf Rückstände unerwünschter Stoffe untersucht. „Mit seinem breiten Untersuchungsspektrum und der hohen Zuverlässigkeit der ermittelten Messwerte leistet das Landeslabor einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Daseinsvorsorge in den Bereichen Lebensmittelsicherheit, Verbraucherschutz und Tierschutz. Ich bedanke mich herzlich bei den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern für die professionelle und zuverlässige Arbeit sowohl in der Routineüberwachung als auch bei Krisengeschehen wie dem seit nunmehr zwei Jahren währenden Ausbruch der Afrikanischen Schweinepest“, erklärte Staatssekretärin Heyer-Stuffer, die Vorsitzende des LLBB-Verwaltungsrats ist. Neben Lebensmittelsicherheit und der Vermeidung gesundheitlicher Risiken ist der Schutz vor Irreführung und Täuschung bis hin zu Lebensmittelkriminalität (Food Fraud) seit jeher ein zentrales Ziel der amtlichen Lebensmittelüberwachung. Entsprechend finden sich zu dieser Fragestellung auch Fachbeiträge im LLBB-Jahresbericht. Die Überprüfung der Authentizität von Lebensmitteln ist oftmals analytisch sehr anspruchsvoll, beispielsweise wenn es um die Frage geht, ob als „Waldheidelbeeren“ deklarierte Tiefkühlprodukte oder Obstkonserven wirklich diese Heidelbeerart enthalten . Im Jahr 2021 nahm das Landeslabor eine Beschwerdeprobe aus einem Privathaushalt zum Anlass, hierfür eine zuverlässige Analysemethode zu entwickeln, die bei der Übergabe des Jahresberichts vertiefend vorgestellt wurde (siehe gesonderte Presseinformation dazu). „Die Warenströme in der globalisierten Welt sind äußert komplex und erschweren die Aufdeckung von Lebensmittelkriminalität. Wir sind froh, in diesem Bereich mit dem Landeslabor einen hochkompetenten Partner an der Seite zu haben, der Täuschung und Irreführungen der Verbraucher*innen feststellt und gegenüber den Lebensmittelüberwachungsbehörden offenlegt“, hob der stellvertretende Vorsitzende des LLBB-Verwaltungsrats, Staatssekretär Kamrad hervor. Der Jahresbericht kann online heruntergeladen werden. Gedruckte Exemplare sind über die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit des LLBB ( oeffentlichkeitsarbeit@landeslabor-bbb.de ) erhältlich. Landeslabor Berlin-Brandenburg Institut für Lebensmittel, Arzneimittel, Tierseuchen und Umwelt Dr. Kathrin Buchholz Referentin für Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Grundsatzfragen
German Uranium Miners Cohort Study Information on Declaration of Conflict of Interest for Proposal Submitters Public and occupational health considerations have a primary importance in analysing the data of the German Uranium Miners Cohort Study. To achieve this goal, the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, BfS) makes the data set of this study (the Data Set) available to interested and competent researchers for further evaluation. Measures need to be taken to ensure that the best possible assessment of scientific evidence gathered from the Data Set is achieved. Thus, to assure the technical integrity and impartiality of BfS' work, it is necessary to avoid situations in which financial or other interests might affect the outcome of that work. In making the Data Set available to others, BfS is advised by an International Advisory Board. Its composition is made public on the BfS homepage (http://www.bfs.de/EN/bfs/science-research/projects/wismut/wismut-cohort-proposals.html) or can be asked for directly at BfS (e-mail: wismutstudies@bfs.de ) Each individual or group who submits a proposal for analysing the Data Set is therefore asked to declare any interests that could constitute a real, potential or apparent conflict of interest, with respect to his/her involvement in commercial entities. “Commercial entity” refers to any company, association (e.g., trade association), organisation or any other entity of any nature whatsoever, with commercial interests. In addition, based on the fact that both underground occupational exposures and tobacco consumption are risk factors for lung cancer, it is considered relevant for BfS to know whether experts working with the Data Set have, or have had, any relationship with any part of what may be called "the mining industry" on the one hand or "the tobacco industry" on the other. Nevertheless, declaration of such an interest would not necessarily be considered a reason to disqualify an expert. What is a conflict of interest? Conflict of interest means that the expert or his/her partner (“partner” includes a spouse or other person with whom s/he has a similar close personal relationship), or the administrative unit with which the expert has an employment relationship, has a financial or other interest that could unduly influence the expert’s position with respect to the subject-matter being considered. An apparent conflict of interest exists when an interest would not necessarily influence the expert but could result in the expert’s objectivity being questioned by others. Furthermore, any interest that may raise the perception of conflict of interest or bias should also be considered to represent a potential conflict of interest and be reported. 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With respect to the above, an interest in a competing substance, technology or process, or an interest in or association with, work for or support by a commercial entity having a direct competitive interest must similarly be disclosed. How to complete this Declaration: Please complete this Declaration and submit it together with the proposal. Any financial or other interests that could constitute a real, potential or apparent conflict of interest should be declared (1) with respect to yourself or partner, as well as (2) with respect to the administrative unit with which you have an employment relationship. Only the name of the commercial entity and the nature of the interest are required to be disclosed, no amounts need to be specified (though they may be, if you consider this information to be relevant to assessing the interest). With respect to items 1 and 2 in the list above, the interest should only be declared if it is current. With respect to items 3, 4 and 5, any interest during the past 4 years should be declared. If the interest is no longer current, please state the year when it ceased. With respect to item 5, the interest ceases when a financed post or fellowship is no longer occupied, or when support for an activity ceases. Assessment and outcome: The information submitted by you will be used to assess whether the declared interests constitute an appreciable real, potential or apparent conflict of interest. Such conflict of interest will, depending on the situation, result in (i) you being asked not to conduct the proposed analysis, or (ii) if deemed by BfS and the International Advisory Board to be appropriate to the particular circumstances, and with your agreement, your interest being publicly disclosed. Information disclosed on this Form may be made available to persons outside of BfS and the International Advisory Board only when the objectivity of the work has been questioned by BfS or any member of the International Advisory Board, and then only after consultation with you. German Uranium Miners Cohort Study Declaration of Conflict of Interest for Proposal Submitters Declaration: Do you or your partner have any financial or other interest in the subject-matter of the work, which may be considered as constituting a real, potential or apparent conflict of interest? Yes: No: If yes, please give details in the box below. Do you have, or have you had during the past 4 years, an employment or other professional relationship with any entity directly involved in the production, manufacture, distribution or sale of tobacco or any tobacco products, or directly representing the interests of any such entity? Yes: No: If yes, please give details in the box below. 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