The objective of the project is to support the client for successful development of CDM projects in the agro-industry sector in Thailand. Sector for CDM project development is agro-industry with focus on starch factories. Starch industry is highly energy intensive and produces significant amounts of wastewater. Furthermore, as part of the Cassava processing, pulp is separated as organic waste. The projects aim to introduce biogas generation from organic waste in starch production and decrease the factories dependence on fossil fuels. The supported CDM projects consist of two components: methane avoidance and fuel switch of electricity from the grid and fossil fuels to renewable energy. The technical solutions included the treatment of wastewater and pulp from starch industry for biogas production. The generated biogas will be used for electricity and heat generation. The development of the projects as CDM projects enables co-financing of the investment via the carbon sales. Services provided: The support consisted of 3 packages: Revision of the PDD for biogas from wastewater project: Technical revision of the Project Design Document as a '3rd party'; Assessment and revision of the 'additionality of the project and emission reduction calculations; Development of the PDD for the pulp to energy biogas projects: Development of a project design document (PDD) according to the regulations of the Kyoto protocol; Assessment and demonstration of the 'additionality of CDM projects which use pulp from starch factories for biogas generation; Preparation of the study about the pulp in the starch factories in Thailand: Development of the concept for the study; Determination of methodology, approach and stakeholders for the study development.
Dairy farming across Germany displays diverse production systems. Factor endowment, management, technology adoption as well as competitive dynamics in the local or regional land, agribusiness and dairy processing sectors contribute to this differentiation on farm level. These differences impact on the ability of dairy farms and regional dairy production systems to successfully respond to pressures arising from future market and policy changes. The overall objective of the research activities of which this project is a part of, is to develop a thorough understanding of the processes that govern the spatial dynamics of dairy farm development in different regions in Germany. The central hypothesis of this research project is that management system and technological choices differ systematically across local production and market conditions. The empirical approach will focus on the estimation of farm specific nonparametric cost functions for dairy farms located in across Germany differentiated by time and location. A spatially differentiated data base with information on input use, resource availability, as well as local market conditions for land and output markets will be compiled. The nonparametric approach is specifically suited to disclose a more accurate representation of dairy production system heterogeneity across locations and time compared to parametric concepts as it provides the necessary flexibility to accommodate non-linearities relevant for a wide domain of explanatory variables. The methodology employed goes beyond the state of the art of the literature as it combines kernel density estimation with a Bayesian sampling approach to provide theory consistent parameters for each farm in the data sample.The specific methodological hypothesis is that the nonparametric approach is superior to current parametric techniques and this hypothesis is tested using statistical model evaluation. Regarding the farm management and technological choices, we hypothesize that land suitability for feed production determines the farm intensity of dairy production and thus management and technological choices. With respect to the ability of farms to successfully respond to market pressures we hypothesize that farms at the upper and lower tail of the intensity distribution both can generate positive returns from dairy production. These last two hypotheses will be tested using the estimated spatially differentiated farm specific costs and marginal costs.The expected outcomes are of relevance for the agricultural sector and the food supply chain economy as a whole as fundamental market structure changes in the dairy sector are ongoing due to the abolition of the quota regulation in the years 2014/2015. Thus, exact knowledge about differences and development of dairy cost heterogeneity of farms within and between regions are an important factor for the actors involved in the market as well as the political support of this process.
Das Projekt beschäftigt sich mit der Geschichte vergangener Entwicklungsinterventionen in der Kilombero-Region im Süd-Westen Tansanias. Es soll untersucht werden, in welcher Form diese in der Vergangenheit an der Produktion von Zukunft beteiligt waren und welche Verbindungen zu aktuellen Projekten in der SAGCOT Region bestehen. Dies geschieht durch eine Triangulation mündlicher Erzählungen und unterstützender Archivarbeit. Die Erkenntnisse sollen dazu dienen, den ‚Erfolg' früherer Projekte zu eruieren und die Analyse aktueller Entwicklungsprozesse vor diesem Hintergrund zu beleuchten.
Inwieweit führen Wachstumskorridore in Afrika zu beabsichtigten und unbeabsichtigten sozioökonomischen Auswirkungen? Im Zuge der Entwicklung von Wachstumskorridoren zu internationalen Multistakeholderinitiativen, die darauf abzielen ländliche Räume in globale Wertschöpfungsketten einzubinden, sind diese Auswirkungen bislang unklar. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Frage vergleicht und erklärt das Projekt unterschiedliche Visionen, Steuerungsmechanismen sowie hieraus resultierende Strukturen und lokale Teilhabe in den Korridoren SAGCOT und WBNLDC am Beispiel unterschiedlicher Wertschöpfungsketten.