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BACKGROUND: The Kingdom of Jordan belongs to the ten water scarcest countries in the world, and climate change is likely to increase the frequency of future droughts. Jordan is considered among the 10 most water impoverished countries in the world, with per capita water availability estimated at 170 m per annum, compared to an average of 1,000 m per annum in other countries. Jordan Government has taken the strategic decision to develop a conveyor system including a 325 km pipe to pump 100 million cubic meters per year of potable water from Disi-Mudawwara close to the Saudi Border in the south, to the Greater Amman area in the north. The construction of the water pipeline has started end of 2009 and shall be finished in 2013. Later on, the pipeline could serve as a major part of a national water carrier in order to convey desalinated water from the Red Sea to the economically most important central region of the country. The conveyor project will not only significantly increase water supplies to the capital, but also provide for the re-allocation of current supplies to other governorates, and for the conservation of aquifers. In the context of the Disi project that is co-funded by EIB two Environmental and Social Management Plans have been prepared: one for the private project partners and one for the Jordan Government. The latter includes the Governments obligation to re-balance water allocations to irrigation and to gradually restore the protected wetlands of Azraq (Ramsar site) east of Amman that has been depleted due to over-abstraction by re-directing discharge of highland aquifers after the Disi pipeline becomes operational. The Water Strategy recognizes that groundwater extraction for irrigation is beyond acceptable limits. Since the source is finite and priority should be given to human consumption it proposes to tackle the demand for irrigation through tariff adjustments, improved irrigation technology and disincentive to water intensive crops. The Disi aquifer is currently used for irrigation by farms producing all kinds of fruits and vegetables on a large scale and exporting most of their products to the Saudi and European markets and it is almost a third of Jordan's total consumption. The licenses for that commercial irrigation were finished by 2011/12. Whilst the licenses will be not renewed the difficulty will be the enforcement and satellite based information become an important supporting tool for monitoring. OUTLOOK: The ESA funded project Water management had the objective to support the South-North conveyor project and the activities of EIB together with the MWI in Jordan to ensure the supply of water for the increasing demand. EO Information provides a baseline for land cover and elevation and support the monitoring of further stages. usw.
Die Entwicklungsmechanismen der Industrieparks in Deutschland und China unterscheiden sich deutlich. In China dienen die Industrieparks als das herausragende Instrument nationaler Wirtschaftspolitik mit dem Ziel der Förderung des Wirtschaftswachstums, während die Entwicklung in Deutschland auf den industriellen Strukturwandel von werks- zu netzwerkbezogenen Produktionsstrategien zurückzuführen ist. Um die Industrieparks ökonomisch und ökologisch effektiv und effizient zu managen, sind innovative Managementstrukturen und -Instrumente nötig. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen treibenden Kräfte werden in China fast ausschließlich staatliche Managementmodelle eingesetzt, wohingegen in Deutschland die Industrieparks überwiegend privatwirtschaftlich betrieben werden. Somit folgen die chinesischen Modelle hauptsächlich dem Top-Down -Ansatz, während in Deutschland der Bottom-Up -Ansatz dominiert. Die verschiedenen Modelle sind durch spezifische Strategien und Instrumente gekennzeichnet, die zu unterschiedlichen Rollen des Park Managements führen und dabei stark die ausgewählten Strukturen und Prozesse für die Entwicklung des integrierten Ressourcenmanagements in Industrieparks beeinflussen. In diesem Projekt werden Industrieparks als Interorganizationsnetzwerke untersucht, in denen flexible Organisations- und Ablaufstrukturen aufgebaut und geeignete Management-instrumente implementiert werden müssen, um die verfügbaren Ressourcen und Beziehungen zwischen den Stakeholdern effektiv und effizient zu managen. Industrieparks laufen einen Lebenszyklus mit den Phasen von Planung und Bau, Rekrutierung und Betrieb durch, in welchen spezifische strategische und operative Managementaufgaben auszuführen sind. Das Ziel des Projekts ist es, den Einfluss der unterschiedlichen Modelle auf das integrierte Ressourcenmanagement in Industrieparks anhand der Fallbeispiele in Deutschland und China zu analysieren und Implikationen für Strukturen und Instrumente zum Netzwerk- und Ressourcenmanagement in Industrieparks zu entwickeln.
The aim of BioBuild is to use biocomposites to reduce the embodied energy in building facade, supporting structure and internal partition systems by at least 50Prozent over current materials with no increase in cost. This will lead to a step change in the use of sustainable, low carbon construction materials, by replacing aluminium, steel, FRP, brick and concrete in buildings. Facades are widely used in construction, primarily to protect and insulate the internal structure. Internal partitions are used to divide space, carry utilities and provide thermal and acoustic insulation. The current materials used such as aluminium, steel, brick and concrete are energy intensive to produce and have high embodied energy. FRP is an alternative construction material, benefitting from low weight, formability and simple manufacturing, allowing low material content structures and innovative design. However, typical resin and glass fibre are non-renewable, energy intensive to synthesise. Biocomposites overcome these drawbacks, whilst maintaining the benefits, being based on natural fibres and bioresins which have low embodied energy and cost. Biocomposites are renewable and sustainable resin and reinforcement structures. The resins in this project are furan and cashew nut oil based with reinforcing fibres of flax and jute. Bast fibres have lower environmental impacts than glass, concerning climate change and energy but have similar properties. Biocomposites are used commercially in automotive interior parts, but for outdoor applications they can degrade due to moisture absorption and bio-degradation. BioBuild will develop biocomposites and construction products with a life span of 40 years, by protecting the fibres with novel treatments and coatings. The result of the project will be a low cost, lightweight, durable and sustainable biocomposite building system, with full technical and environmental validation, offering low embodied energy construction materials.
NANOINSULATE will develop durable, robust, cost-effective opaque and transparent vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) incorporating new nanotechnology-based core materials (nanofoams, aerogels, aerogel composites) and high-barrier films that are up to four times more energy efficient than current solutions. These new systems will provide product lifetimes in excess of 50 years suitable for a variety of new-build and retrofit building applications. Initial building simulations based on the anticipated final properties of the VIPs indicate reductions in heating demand of up to 74Prozent and CO2 emissions of up to 46Prozent for Madrid, Spain and up to 61Prozent and 55Prozent respectively for Stuttgart, Germany for a building renovation which reduces the U-value of the walls and roof from 2.0 W m-2 K-1 to 0.2 W m-2 K-1. This reduction could be achieved with NANOINSULATE products that are only 25 mm thick, giving a cost-effective renovation without the need of changing all the reveals and ledges. Similarly, significant reductions in U-values of transparent VIPs (3 W m-2 K-1 to 0.5 W m-2 K-1) are shown by substituting double glazed units in existing building stock. Six industrial & four research based partners from seven EU countries will come together to engineer novel solutions capable of being mass produced. Target final manufacturing costs for insulation board (production rates above 5 million m2/year) are less than 7 m-2 for a U-value of 0.2 W m-2 K-1. NANOINSULATE will demonstrate its developments at construction sites across Europe. A Lifecycle Assessment, together with a safety and service-life costing analysis, will be undertaken to prove economic viability. NANOINSULATE demonstrates strong relevance to the objectives and expected impacts of both the specific call text of the Public-Private Partnership Energy-efficient Buildings topic New nanotechnology-based high performance insulation systems for energy efficiency within the 2010 NMP Work Programme and the wider NMP & Energy Thematic Priorities. Prime Contractor: Kingsplan Research and Developments Ltd.; Kingscourt; Irland.
This follow-up project aims to reconstruct natural (climatic) and anthropogenic-induced hydrological changes and to provide new insights on the anthropogenic pollutants emitted in European environment over the last centuries, by focusing on: (1) The largest freshwater lake of Western Europe (Lake Geneva) and especially on industrial (trace metals) and microbial (pathogenic bacterial activity and resistance to antibiotic) pollution in the Vidy Bay; where are discharges the treated wastewaters of Lausanne since 50 years. (2) A drinking reservoir (Lake Brêt) in order to evaluate the impacts of agricultural activities and sewage emissions on the pollution of drinking water in Switzerland over the last century. Results demonstrate a slight enrichment in anthropogenic heavy metal since the 1950s but an additional (agricultural) source of copper during the last decade. In the absence of industries in the catchment, the records of DDT and PCBs highlight the long-range atmospheric transport of POPs that contaminated rural water resources via catchment runoff. (3) Human impact on the deposition of anthropogenic and natural trace element fluxes were measured in sediment cores from Lake Biel and from two upstream lakes (Lake Brienz and Lake Thun), all three connected by the Aare River. Results indicate that that the construction of sediment-trapping reservoirs significantly decreased regional riverine sediment discharge. Radiometric dating of the sediment core from Lake Biel furthermore identified hydrological releases of anthropogenic radionuclides from the nuclear reactor of Mühleberg located at ca.15 km from Lake Biel. Five publications (in refereed journals) directly resulting from this follow-up proposal are in process of publication.
LEnSE is a research project that responds to the growing need in Europe for assessing a building's sustainability performance. The project draws on the existing knowledge available in Europe on building assessment methodologies. LEnSE aims to develop a truly holistic methodology that addresses the overall, integrating concept of sustainability. The main objective of LEnSE is to develop a methodology for the assessment of the sustainability performance of existing, new and renovated buildings, which is broadly accepted by the European stakeholders involved in sustainable construction. This methodology will allow for future labelling of buildings, in analogy with the Energy Performance Directive. The work should result in increased awareness of the European stakeholders and will allow adequate policy implementation on sustainable construction. The project consists of three main themes. The first theme is the identification and scope of the issues which need to be included in a sustainability assessment. This has to be wide enough to be acceptable and limited enough to be practicable. A broad consensus on these issues will be reached through strategic consultation of the relevant stakeholders. The second theme is the actual development of the assessment methodology. The content of the assessment will be developed for a limited, but representative range of key issues. Guidelines on how to address local variations will be provided. This work will be validated by the development of a prototype tool and tested on case study buildings. The key stakeholders on the European and national level will be highly involved in the development of the methodology, to guarantee a wide acceptance and implementation of the project results. These consultations will include national meetings with stakeholders and trans-national expert workshops. Thematic -stepping stone- publications, will serve as strategic reference and discussion documents for the stakeholder consultation rounds. Prime Contractor: Centre Scientifique et Technique de la Construction; Bruxelles; Belgium.
Pflanzliche Cytochrom-P450-Monooxygenasen (P450s oder CYPs) sind wichtige Enzyme des Sekundärmetabolismus. Sie spielen weiterhin eine große Rolle im Metabolismus von Xenobiotika - wie z.B. Pestiziden, insbesondere Herbiziden. Spezies-Unterschiede in der Aktivität bestimmter P450s zum Metabolismus von Herbiziden werden als der Mechanismus angesehen, der es toleranten Pflanzenspezies ermöglicht, gegenüber Herbiziden weniger empfindlich zu sein als andere. P450s, die im Pestizid-Metabolism involviert sind, üben vermutlich auch eine Funktion im Sekundär-Metabolismus aus. CYP73A1 z.B. ist die trans-Zimtsäure-Hydroxylase aus Jerusalem-Artichoke, die auch die Ring-Methyl-Hydroxylierung von Chlortoluron katalysiert, wie durch Expression ihrer cDNA in Hefe gezeigt wurde. Ein Wissenszuwachs über P450s, die in empfindlichen und toleranten Pflanzen vorkommen, und über molekulare Mechanismen, die den P450-katalysierten Metabolismus von Herbiziden in toleranten Pflanzen verantwortlich sind, kann zu einem Verständis der Herbizid-Resistenz und ihrer Entwicklung beitragen. Auf Grund seiner Toxizität war Kornrade (Agrostemma githago L.) in der Vergangenheit ein problematisches Unkraut in europäischen Getreidefeldern. Heutzutage ist die Pflanze fast ausgestorben - als Folge des Einsatzes von Herbiziden und einer verbesserten industriellen Saatgutreinigung. In Weizenfeldern, sind eine Reihe Herbizide effektiv gegenüber Kornrade (z.B. Triasulfuron, Diuron, Metribuzin, Dicamba + 2,4-D und Bromoxynil). Obwohl bislang über Resistenz bei Kornrade nicht berichtet wurde, sind Zellsuspensionskulturen der Kornrade in der Lage, die Herbizide Metamitron und Atrazin sowie das Xenoestrogen Nonylphenol zu metabolisieren. Die Metaboliten, die identifziert wurden, entstehen durch Dealkylierung und Hydroxylierung der aromatischen und aliphatischen Teilstrukturen der Ausgangsverbindungen. Da diese Reaktionen als typisch für P450-Enzyme im Metabolismus von Xenobiotika angesehen werden, kann man vermuten, dass P450s an der beobachteten Metabolisierung beteiligt sind. In Verlauf des Projektes wurde eine Plasmid-abhängige cDNA-Bibliothek von Kornrade-Zellsuspensionskulturen konstruiert, um unbekannte P450-Sequenzen zu isolieren. Um eine erhöhte Expression von P450s zu erreichen, wurden die Zellen mit dem Herbizid-Safener Benoxacor behandelt, von dem bekannt ist, dass er den P450-Gehalt von Mais-Keimlingen deutlich erhöht. Um sicherzustellen, dass die Kornradezellen der Suspensionskultur die gewünschten Enzyme noch exprimieren, wurde ihre Fähigkeit, 4-n-Nonylphenol (4-n-NP) durch Oxidation zu metabolisieren, in einer Metabolismus-Studie mit dem radioaktiv-markierten (ring-U-14C)4-n-Nonylphenol überprüft. Nach Anwendung verschiedener molekularbiologischer Techniken konnten letztlich mittels einer PCR-Strategie unter Verwendung P450-spezifischer degenerierter Primer zwei PCR-Produkte kloniert werden. U.s.w.
Das Vorhaben wurde im Rahmen der deutsch-indonesischen Kooperation auf dem Gebiet der wissenschaftlichen Forschung und technologischen Entwicklung durchgeführt. Hierbei sollte der indonesische Partner kurzfristig in den Bau moderner Windkraftanlagen eingearbeitet werden. Bei der Lieferung der beiden Anlagen stand die Nutzung der erzeugten Energie mit im Vordergrund. Es wurde ein Konzept für den Betrieb von Eiserzeugungsanlagen ohne Zwischenspeicherung der elektrischen Energie erstellt. Die Ergebnisse aus dem Testbetrieb zeigten, dass die realisierte Betriebskonzeption voll funktionstüchtig ist. Nach entsprechender Ausbildung war der indonesische Partner in der Lage, die Windkraftanlagen selbständig zu installieren.
Die Untersuchung beinhaltet die Errichtung eines Messfeldes (Oisklause) im Rotwald. Dabei werden mittels Dehnmessstreifen, Temperaturmessung, mechanischer Zugwaage, Schneehöhenmessung und Datalogger die Kräfte auf die Stabilisatoren ermittelt. Die Arbeiten beinhalten die Installation der Messgeräte, die Betreuung des Messfeldes (Sommer und Winter), die Fotodokumentation der Schneegleitbewegungen sowie die Durchführung von Schneeprofilen. Im Sommer werden die Krafteinwirkungen durch Zugversuche der Stabilisatoren überprüft.
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