BACKGROUND: The Kingdom of Jordan belongs to the ten water scarcest countries in the world, and climate change is likely to increase the frequency of future droughts. Jordan is considered among the 10 most water impoverished countries in the world, with per capita water availability estimated at 170 m per annum, compared to an average of 1,000 m per annum in other countries. Jordan Government has taken the strategic decision to develop a conveyor system including a 325 km pipe to pump 100 million cubic meters per year of potable water from Disi-Mudawwara close to the Saudi Border in the south, to the Greater Amman area in the north. The construction of the water pipeline has started end of 2009 and shall be finished in 2013. Later on, the pipeline could serve as a major part of a national water carrier in order to convey desalinated water from the Red Sea to the economically most important central region of the country. The conveyor project will not only significantly increase water supplies to the capital, but also provide for the re-allocation of current supplies to other governorates, and for the conservation of aquifers. In the context of the Disi project that is co-funded by EIB two Environmental and Social Management Plans have been prepared: one for the private project partners and one for the Jordan Government. The latter includes the Governments obligation to re-balance water allocations to irrigation and to gradually restore the protected wetlands of Azraq (Ramsar site) east of Amman that has been depleted due to over-abstraction by re-directing discharge of highland aquifers after the Disi pipeline becomes operational. The Water Strategy recognizes that groundwater extraction for irrigation is beyond acceptable limits. Since the source is finite and priority should be given to human consumption it proposes to tackle the demand for irrigation through tariff adjustments, improved irrigation technology and disincentive to water intensive crops. The Disi aquifer is currently used for irrigation by farms producing all kinds of fruits and vegetables on a large scale and exporting most of their products to the Saudi and European markets and it is almost a third of Jordan's total consumption. The licenses for that commercial irrigation were finished by 2011/12. Whilst the licenses will be not renewed the difficulty will be the enforcement and satellite based information become an important supporting tool for monitoring. OUTLOOK: The ESA funded project Water management had the objective to support the South-North conveyor project and the activities of EIB together with the MWI in Jordan to ensure the supply of water for the increasing demand. EO Information provides a baseline for land cover and elevation and support the monitoring of further stages. usw.
Bio-EtOH is a research project in the Sixth Framework Programme FP6 of the EU with eight different partners from 4 European countries. The objective of this project is the development of a sophisticated new process for bio-fuel ethanol production with significant reduced energy consumption and savings in construction and operation costs of ethanol dehydration by using Membrane Technologies.
NANOINSULATE will develop durable, robust, cost-effective opaque and transparent vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) incorporating new nanotechnology-based core materials (nanofoams, aerogels, aerogel composites) and high-barrier films that are up to four times more energy efficient than current solutions. These new systems will provide product lifetimes in excess of 50 years suitable for a variety of new-build and retrofit building applications. Initial building simulations based on the anticipated final properties of the VIPs indicate reductions in heating demand of up to 74Prozent and CO2 emissions of up to 46Prozent for Madrid, Spain and up to 61Prozent and 55Prozent respectively for Stuttgart, Germany for a building renovation which reduces the U-value of the walls and roof from 2.0 W m-2 K-1 to 0.2 W m-2 K-1. This reduction could be achieved with NANOINSULATE products that are only 25 mm thick, giving a cost-effective renovation without the need of changing all the reveals and ledges. Similarly, significant reductions in U-values of transparent VIPs (3 W m-2 K-1 to 0.5 W m-2 K-1) are shown by substituting double glazed units in existing building stock. Six industrial & four research based partners from seven EU countries will come together to engineer novel solutions capable of being mass produced. Target final manufacturing costs for insulation board (production rates above 5 million m2/year) are less than 7 m-2 for a U-value of 0.2 W m-2 K-1. NANOINSULATE will demonstrate its developments at construction sites across Europe. A Lifecycle Assessment, together with a safety and service-life costing analysis, will be undertaken to prove economic viability. NANOINSULATE demonstrates strong relevance to the objectives and expected impacts of both the specific call text of the Public-Private Partnership Energy-efficient Buildings topic New nanotechnology-based high performance insulation systems for energy efficiency within the 2010 NMP Work Programme and the wider NMP & Energy Thematic Priorities. Prime Contractor: Kingsplan Research and Developments Ltd.; Kingscourt; Irland.
Es soll die Machbarkeit für die geplante Entwicklung eines neuartigen Pfahltragwerkes aus hochtragfähigen und zugleich schallreduzierenden, leichtbaugerechten Strukturkomponenten untersucht werden. Im Mittelpunkt steht zum einen die Entwicklung eines druck- und schlagfesten Verbundwerkstoffes auf Basis von Zementbeton mit schallmindernder Wirkung, zum anderen die Entwicklung eines Berechnungsmodells zur Prognose der Hydroakkustik in Nah- und Fernfeldern. Insbesondere sollen die Dämpfungseigenschaften des Verbundwerkstoffes dazu beitragen, die Schallemission beim Einbringen der Pfähle deutlich zu reduzieren. Ziel ist es, mit diesem neuen Tragwerkprinzip eine im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Stahlrohrpfählen höhere Schallminderung bei zugleich hoher Schlagfestigkeit zu erreichen.
This SNF proposal seeks funding for the continuation of the Swiss contribution to the Lake Van Drilling Project executed by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). Among other previous Swiss ICDP engagements, the Lake Van Drilling project was pivotal in triggering the newly established SNF-supported Swiss membership in ICDP. Further, the SNF Swiss contribution is a central building block of the entire ICDP PaleoVan initiative. Lake Van is the fourth-largest terminal lake in the world, extending 130 km WSW-ENE 1674 m above sea level on a high plateau in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The lake is surrounded by active volcanoes within a tectonically active area and it is known to accumulate fluids emanating from the Earths mantle. The partly annually-laminated sedimentary record down to 220 m depth recovered from Lake Van during the ICDP PaleoVan drilling operations in 2010 has been shown to be an excellent palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment archive. The continuous, high-resolution continental sequence, which covers several glacial-interglacial cycles (greater than 500 kyr), represents a unique possibility to investigate in detail the climatic, environmental, and volcanic changes that occurred in the Near East, the cradle of human civilization, during much of the Quaternary Period. Furthermore, the sediments contain an invaluable record of past earthquake activities, allowing the construction of a catalogue of prehistoric earthquakes and making it possible to study fluid transport in the continental crust that was triggered by seismic events. In this context, the societal vulnerability of the area to seismic hazards was dramatically documented by the occurrence of the devastating earthquake of magnitude 7.2 close to the city of Van on 23 October 2011 (hereafter referred to as the VE11 earthquake). This unfortunate and tragic event offers a unique opportunity to calibrate the past seismic events recorded in the sediments of Lake Van and the related emission of fluids from the solid earth to a modern seismic analogue. Sediment and fluid transport triggered by this major seismic event need to be quantified in order to calibrate the sedimentological record, which is targeted by the follow-up field campaign proposed within this project extension. The continuation of the Swiss initiative, embedded in the overarching ICDP drilling project on Lake Van, encompasses all the 5 initial research modules (A-E) of the ongoing SNF project (200021-124981). Within this proposal extension, the extended modules (A*-E*) will focus on key issues and new developments that expand the initial topics, with a special emphasis on the recent major earthquake VE11 and its biogeochemical and sedimentological implications. At the same time, this extension will also allow the results that have already been acquired to be further analysed and written up for publication by the project team. A large number of publications is foreseen. (...)
While urban Indonesia is almost completely electrified, two-thirds of the rural population still lack access to electricity. In many cases, the mountainous rural areas are difficult to access and sparsely populated implying high investment costs for infrastructure extension. Against this background the German International Cooperation (GIZ) supports the implementation of micro hydro plants (MHP) in rural communities to supply the population with decentralized electricity. During its first project phase between 2006 and 2009, GIZ has supported the construction of 96 MHPs on two of the five main islands of Indonesia, Sulawesi and Sumatra. These activities have been funded as part of the Dutch-German Energy Partnership Energising Development (EnDev), an output-oriented programme that aims at providing modern energy to 6.1 million people in 21 countries. In a second project phase starting in 2010 (EnDev II), more than 200 micro-hydro schemes are planned to be supported. RWI has been assigned to assess the socio-economic impacts of electrification through MHP on household level through both a cross-sectional and a difference in differences approach. For this purpose, 800 households were interviewed in a first survey wave in September and November 2010. Half of them are located in 20 EnDev II villages that only got connected to an MHP after data collection. The remainder of the sample has already been using electricity at that time from a working micro hydro scheme supported within EnDev I. The second survey wave is scheduled for autumn 2012. The cross-sectional arm of the study allowed for gauging the impacts of the connection to an MHP already after the first wave at the end of 2010. For the electrified, hence, treated EnDev I households, comparable EnDev II households have been used as controls. Having follow-up data at hand at the end of 2012, difference in differences estimators can be applied to more rigorously assess the impacts of the connection to an MHP. In this approach, the EnDev I households already connected in 2010 and still connected in 2012 will serve as a reference group for the EnDev II households who got treated between the 2010 and 2012 survey. This prevents that changes induced by external influences (e.g. general economic development) are falsely ascribed to the treatment. For the reference group of EnDev II households it was found in 2010 that an important share already used 'pre-electrification' sources like generators or very simple traditional waterwheels - so called kincirs. The impact assessment will therefore not only illustrate the change from traditional energy sources like kerosene to electricity but also deliver impact findings on using a modern electricity source in comparison to pre-electrification sources that tend to be either costly and dirty (generators), or unstable and weak (kincir).
BOmobil - so heißt der Elektrokleintransporter, den die Hochschule Bochum mit den Partnern Composite Impulse, Delphi, Scienlab, den Stadtwerken Bochum und dem TÜV NORD, gefördert im Rahmen des Wettbewerbs ElektroMobil.NRW serienreif entwickelt. Die Anforderungen von klein- und mittelständigen Unternehmen für den Regionalverkehr der Zukunft bestimmen das Konzept. Elektromobilitat und ansprechendes Design müssen sich nicht ausschließen, das beweist das BOmobil. Technologisch zeigt der Prototyp eine radikale Abwendung von herkömmlichen Automobilkonzepten: keine zentrale Antriebseinheit mehr - stattdessen Radnabenmotoren. So entsteht Raum für die Neugestaltung des Innenraums. Zwei Sitzplätze, Platz für eine Normgitterbox, Höchstgeschwindigkeit ca. 130 km/h, Reichweite mehr als 150 Kilometer - Elektromobilität für den Alltag. Alle Komponenten des elektrischen Antriebsstrangs werden im sogenannten Skateboard untergebracht, der tragenden Struktur, die aus Aluminium-Leichtbau-Profilen genietet und geklebt wird. Diese Variante des Aufbaus ermöglicht eine hochfeste Struktur, die für einen Kleintransporter die nötige Crash-Sicherheit bietet und flexible Aufbauvarianten zulässt. Die Batterie, die Traktionswechselrichter und die Motoren sind organisch zueinander angeordnet. So lassen sich kurze Leitungswege und ein niedriger Schwerpunkt realisieren. Durch die selbst entwickelten Radnabenmotoren wird das Antriebsmoment dort generiert, wo es benötigt wird und die eingesparte Antriebseinheit im Aufbau vergrößert das Ladevolumen des Fahrzeugs. Für die Batterie kommt die Lithium-Eisen-Phosphat-Technologie zum Einsatz. Das nötige enge Temperaturband für deren Betrieb wird im Rahmen des Thermomanagement des Fahrzeuges realisiert. Die Auswahl geeigneter thermisch isolierender Karosserie- und Scheibenwerkstoffe ist dabei von zentraler Bedeutung, um eine aktive Kühlung bzw. Heizung in deutlich geringerem Maße als in konventionellen Fahrzeugen erforderlich zu machen. Die Karosserie wird aus ABS-Kunststoff und Faserverbund-Kunststoff gefertigt. Die Kunststoffbauteile haben sowohl strukturelle, als auch warme- und geräuschdämmende Funktion. Während in konventionellen Fahrzeugen Einscheiben-Sicherheits- und Verbundglas eingesetzt wird, erfolgt im BOmobil soweit möglich die Verwendung von Kunststoffscheiben. Zur Kostenreduktion werden für das Fahrwerk Standardkomponenten des OPEL Zafira verwendet.
The overall aim of this project is a comparative analysis of the genetic control of heterosis in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) by QTL mapping of heterosis-relevant loci in different B. napus mapping populations. In the Gießen project a doubled haploid (DH) mapping population that has been generated in preliminary work from a cross between two lines with high and low general combining ability, respectively, will be used for construction of a genome map containing a set of consensus SSR markers that also slow polymorphisms in another population segregating for heterotic effects, to be constructed by the University of Göttingen in a closely-integrated parallel project. Field trials of test hybrids from crosses between the individual DH lines of the respective populations with common male-sterile tester lines will enable the identification and dissection of QTL that correspond to the expression of heterosis. By using common markers it will be possible to align the genetic maps from the two populations, meaning that the positions, effects and interactions of the respective heterosisrelevant QTL identified in the two populations can be aligned and compared. Based on the results of the respective mapping experiments, the genetic control of heterosis in the two populations will be studied and compared. This will bring important information regarding the following to date unanswered questions: a) Are the same loci involved in the expression of heterosis in different oilseed rape populations, and if so which loci are involved and to what extend? b) What is the respective contribution of different genetic mechanism (dominance, overdominance or epistasis) to heterosis in oilseed rape, and is the genetic basis the same in different populations?
Ziel des Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekts ist die Planung und Umsetzung eines integralen Energie- und Sanierungskonzepts für das 1887 in Braunschweig eröffnete Herzog-Anton-Ulrich-Museum. Unter Mitwirkung aller Projektbeteiligten werden die für die Sanierung relevanten Themengebiete Bauphysik, Raumklima, Heizung und Lüftung, Tages- und Kunstlicht untersucht. Der Einhaltung der für die Exponate maßgeblichen geringen Toleranzen in Bezug auf Feuchte und Temperatur kommt in diesem Zusammenhang besondere Bedeutung zu. Durch das Sanierungskonzept soll eine erhebliche Reduktion des Heizenergie- und elektrischen Stromverbrauchs erreicht werden (Heizenergie: - 35 Prozent, Strom für Beleuchtung, Belüftung und Befeuchtung: - 50 Prozent ). Weiterhin sollen die thermische und visuelle Behaglichkeit und die konservatorischen Randbedingungen für die Exponate verbessert werden. Dabei stehen eine Verbesserung der Gebäudehülle (Herstellung der Luftdichtheit, Einsatz optimierter Verglasungen etc.) und die Vermeidung sommerlicher Überhitzung im Vordergrund. Zur Umsetzung einer weitestgehend natürlichen Klimatisierung wird auch die Reaktivierung des vorhandenen Hypokausten-Systems geprüft. Die Konzepte werden seit Oktober 2000 durch Messungen und Computersimulationen geprüft und validiert. Nach der Sanierung folgt eine einjährige Monitoring- und Evaluierungsphase. Das Sanierungsprojekt für das Herzog-Anton-Ulrich Museum zeigt die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten, wie im behutsamen Umgang mit historischer Bausubstanz die klimatischen und visuellen Anforderungen an Museen optimiert und gleichzeitig erhebliche Energieeinsparungen realisiert werden können.
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