API src

Found 18 results.

SMMS: Bathymetrie (WMS)

Definition: “Bathymetrie” bezeichnet die Vermessung der topographischen Gestalt der Sohle eines Gewässers. Der Begriff wird auch oft – analog zum Wort “Topographie” – synonym für die Gestalt der Gewässersohle verwendet. Gewässer in diesem Zusammenhang sind Meere, Flüsse oder geschlossene Binnengewässer. Im Rahmen des Projektes SMMS handelt es sich bei bathymetrischen Datensätzen um solche, die die Höhenverteilung in der Deutschen Bucht inklusive der Mündungsbereiche der Ästuare Ems, Weser und Elbe darstellen. Durch morphologische Aktivitäten des Gewässerbodens ist ein solches bathymetrisches Modell stets nur für einen gewissen Zeitraum oder Zeitpunkt gültig. Datenerzeugung: Die Basis für bathymetrische Produkte bilden gerasterte bathymetrische Modelle, die mithilfe des Funktionalen Bodenmodells, einem datenbasierten hindcast-Simulationsmodell, über räumlich-zeitliche Interpolationsverfahren aus einer Datenbasis von See- und Landvermessungen verschiedenster Datentypen erstellt werden. Für die Jahre 1960-2020 wird jeweils ein gerastertes bathymetrisches Modell in 10 m Auflösung für die Deutsche Bucht bereit gestellt. Produkt: Ein 10 m Raster der Deutschen Bucht jeweils gültig zum 01.07. für das Jahr, wobei an jedem Rasterknoten die Höhe abgelegt ist. Das Produkt wird im GeoTiff-Format zusammen mit Quellenkarten (vorher und nachher, Shapefiles) bereitgestellt. Die Bathymetrien stehen in Zusammenhang mit dem Projekt EasyGSH-DB, decken jedoch einen größeren Zeitraum ab. Dienst: Der Dienst visualisiert ausgewählte Jahre aus dem SMMS Forschungszeitraum.

Sulfur isotope microanalyses of pyrite and chalcopyrite from Spremberg (east Germany)

In this data publication we describe whole rock geochemistry and 34S values generated using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) from samples collected from 2 drill holes intersecting the Spremberg-Graustein deposit (eastern Germany). The samples include the uppermost Rotliegend sandstone (S1), Kupferschiefer (T1) mudstones and lowermost Zechstein Limestone (Ca1m). All analytical work was conducted at the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences. . A total of 17 samples were taken from two drill cores (115a/71 and 121h/72) stored in the drill core repository of the LBGR Brandenburg State Office for Mining, Geology and mineral resources in Wünsdorf, Brandenburg.

Relative Sensitivity Factors of 2H and 16O2H relative to 18O in deuterium-implanted spinel-structured oxides

To allow the analysis of hydrogen in spinel-structured oxides (hereafter referred to as “spinels”) by secondary ion mass spectrometry, Relative Sensitivity Factors (RSFs), which are typically matrix-dependent, need to be determined. Matrices in natural spinels vary significantly due to the wide range of solid solutions that these nominally anhydrous minerals display. Previous work (Zellmer et al., 2025) has presented RSF values of 16O2H relative to 18O for five natural spinels of variable Al2O3 content. Using the same implanted crystals, we have here expanded this dataset with additional spinels, applying depth profiling under different conditions in a different laboratory. We provide the RSF values of 16O2H relative to 18O, which match the previously available data. We also provide the RSF values of 2H relative to 18O. This in principle allows analysis not only of the OH dimer, but also the H monomer for hydrogen analysis in spinels. However, we note that the significantly higher RSF values for 2H, here between 1.12 x 10^22 and 3.01 x 10^22 atoms per cm3, suggest dimer analysis is preferable because hydrogen monomer count rates will be low. For the RSF of 16O2H relative to 18O, our data confirm an increase with increasing Al2O3 content, here from 2.59 x 10^20 to 2.51 x 10^21 atoms per cm3. When we combine our new data and those of Zellmer et al. (2025), the increase of this RSF with Al2O3 follows a second order polynomial form: RSF = 1.52 x 10^17 Al2O3^2 + 2.12 x 10^19 Al2O3 + 2.76 x 10^20, yielding an r2 value of 0.974, where r is the correlation coefficient. The relative uncertainties in the RSF values based on repeat analyses are circa ±35% (2SE) for 2H relative to 18O and circa ±23% (2SE) for 16O2H relative to 18O, again suggesting that hydrogen analysis should target the OH dimer rather than the H monomer. One ilmenite sample gave RSF values of 3.40 x 10^22 atoms per cm3 (±39.2%, 1RSD) for 2H, and 8.11 x 10^20 atoms per cm3 (±0.5%, 1RSD) for 16O2H. This sample will, however, not be considered further here.

Relative Sensitivity Factors of 16O2H relative to 18O in deuterium-implanted spinel-structured oxides

Spinel-structured oxides (hereafter referred to as ‘spinels’) are a group of nominally anhydrous minerals characterized by a wide range of solid solutions. To allow the analysis of hydrogen in spinels by secondary ion mass spectrometry, Relative Sensitivity Factors (RSFs), which are typically matrix-dependent, need to be determined. Anticipating analysis of the OH- dimer rather than the H+ monomer, we present here RSF values of 16O2H relative to 18O for five natural spinels, including franklinite, Fe-bearing spinel, Mg-chromite, magnetite, and jacobsite. The Al2O3 content in the matrix of these crystals ranged from 0.09 wt% to 67.54 wt%. Our data indicate increasing RSF values with increasing Al2O3 content, from 2.76 x 10^20 to 2.72 x 10^21 atoms per cm3, with an RSD for two repeat analyses of about 4.3%. The increase of RSF with Al2O3 follows a second order polynomial form: RSF = 2.27x10^17 Al2O3^2 + 2.05 x10^19 Al2O3 + 3.02 x10^20. Further analyses at other instruments under different analytical conditions will be required to understand how robust the accuracy of these data can be considered. Expanded analyses of the here presented spinels, including depth-profiling, are reported in Zellmer et al. (2025).

Lake ice phenology in the Northern Hemisphere extracted from SMMR, SSM/I and SSMIS data from 1979 to 2021

This dataset contains ice phenology for 56 lakes in the Northern Hemisphere from 1979 to 2021. The ice phenology was extracted from 3.125 km 37 GHz H-polarized evening brightness temperature data from Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), Special Sensor Microwave Image (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) data in the Calibrated Enhanced Resolution Brightness Temperature (CETB) dataset.

Lake ice phenology in the Northern Hemisphere extracted from SMMR, SSM/I and SSMIS data from 1979 to 2020

This dataset contains ice phenology for 56 lakes in the Northern Hemisphere from 1979 to 2019. The ice phenology was extracted from 3.125 km 37 GHz H-polarized evening brightness temperature data from Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), Special Sensor Microwave Image (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) data in the Calibrated Enhanced Resolution Brightness Temperature (CETB) dataset. According to the differences in the brightness temperature between lake ice and open water, a threshold algorithm based on Moving t test method was applied to determine the lake ice status for the pixels 6.25 km away from the lake shore, and the ice phenology dates for each lake were then extracted. For the overlapping lake ice phenology results extracted from multiple satellite, the results from the satellite with the highest utilization were prioritized. The lake ice phenology dataset provides valuable information about the changes in the lakes with seasonal ice cover in the past four decades.

openSenseMap: Sensor Box Smart City MS #14 Bült

Hier misst die Smart City Münster Umweltdaten.

Global Monitoring of Soil Moisture for Water Hazards Assessment (GMSM)

In the last few years significant progress towards operational soil moisture services based on spaceborne microwave sensors has been made. The first global soil moisture dataset derived from ERS-1/2 scatterometer measurements was released in 2002. The first near-real-time operational soil moisture service was started by EUMETSAT in May 2008 based on METOP ASCAT, which is the successor instrument of the ERS-1/2 scatterometer. Austria has made important contributions to these developments. The algorithms for retrieving soil moisture from the C-band scatterometers on board of ERS-1/2 and METOP have been developed by TU Wien. Within EUMETSAT& 8217; Satellite Application Facility in Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (Hydrology SAF) the Austrian meteorological service (ZAMG) coordinates the soil moisture activities and is responsible for building up operational services for value-added METOP ASCAT soil moisture products. The overall goal of the proposed project is to advance the use of soil moisture services based on METOP ASCAT and complementary satellite systems, most importantly SMOS and ENVISAT ASAR, by extending the Hydrology SAF products to Africa and Australia, carrying out extensive calibration and validation (Cal/Val) activities and by developing novel water hazards applications. The considered applications are weather forecasting, drought and yield monitoring, hydrologic prediction, epidemiological modelling, climate change, desertification monitoring and societal risks assessment.

SMOS Cal/Val: Modellierung und Validierung von Zeitreihen der Bodenfeuchte und Helligkeitstemperatur in einer heterogenen Landschaft für SMOS Cal/Val

Ziel dieses Vorhabens ist die möglichst genaue Analyse der räumlichen Verbreitungsmuster und zeitlichen Dynamik der Bodenfeuchte, um entsprechende Daten der ESA Fernerkundungssatelliten SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) zu validieren. Bei einer räumlichen Auflösung des Sensors von 50 x 50 km und einer heterogenen Landbedeckung ist eine Erfassung der Bodenfeuchte auf verschiedenen Skalen notwendig, die durch modellgestützte Transferberechnungen miteinander verbunden werden, um wichtige Parameter und dominante Prozesse zu identifizieren, die diese raum-zeitlichen Muster erklären. Eine Zeitreihenanalyse simulierter SMOS-Pixel und darauf übertragener Brightness Temperatures wird zur Validierung der SMOS-Datenprodukte verwendet. Bei jedem Messgerät ist eine Validierung bzw. eine Überprüfung der Messgenauigkeit erforderlich, um die Qualität der Messungen einschätzen zu können. Dies gilt ebenso für Fernerkundungssatelliten. Datenprodukte des europäischen SMOS Satelliten sollen in der wissenschaftlichen Analyse des Klimawandels und zur Verbesserung globaler Klimamodelle eingesetzt werden. Potenzielle Nutzer sind auf eine Genauigkeitsanalyse angewiesen.

Safety Management Systems in Small and Medium Industrial Installations Involving Dangerous Substances

The improved consideration of management systems and human factors included in the new Seveso Directive was based on the recognition of management error as the main underlying cause of major accidents. This applies equally to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) as well as to larger enterprises in which dangerous substances are present. Safety Management System (SMS) elements described in the new Directive do not seek to impose particular methods of management, they rather emphasise the need for good management in all its forms. The project investigates the implementability of the relevant European Commission guidelines to SMEs by examining several approaches and industrial practices. The analysis of collected data from SMEs Seveso sites reveals the regulation and common codes of practice may not have been fully effective in reaching SMEs and conveying to them the importance of taking safety precautions. The safety performance in SMEs, according to the level of risk presented, appears to be a simplified function of the SMSs elements since the safety culture and internal communication in such installations are less of a barrier to the implementation of accident prevention policies. An attempt is made to set up appropriate proposals for the improvement of the SMS in use and their regulatory control.

1 2