PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Sciences has an almost 30-year history as an open-access library for archiving, publishing, and disseminating georeferenced data from the Earth, environmental, and biodiversity sciences. Originally evolving from a database for sediment cores, it is operated as a joint facility of the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) and the Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM) at the University of Bremen. PANGAEA holds a mandate from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and is accredited as a World Radiation Monitoring Center (WRMC). It was further accredited as a World Data Center by the International Council for Science (ICS) in 2001 and has been certified with the Core Trust Seal since 2019. The successful cooperation between PANGAEA and the publishing industry along with the correspondent technical implementation enables the cross-referencing of scientific publications and datasets archived as supplements to these publications. PANGAEA is the recommended data repository of numerous international scientific journals.
The Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) and its central archive - the World Radiation Monitoring Center (WRMC) - was created in 1992. It is a project of the Data Assimilation Panel from the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) under the umbrella of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and as such is aimed at detecting important changes in the Earth's radiation field at the Earth's surface which may be related to climate changes. The data are of primary importance in supporting the validation and confirmation of satellite and computer model estimates of these quantities. At a small number of stations in contrasting climatic zones, covering a latitude range from 80°N to 90°S, solar and atmospheric radiation is measured with instruments of the highest available accuracy and with high time resolution (1 to 3 minutes). Since 2008 the WRMC is hosted by the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany (http://www.bsrn.awi.de/).
The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network.The Geodetic Observatory Wettzell (Germany) is operated jointly by the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG) and the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and was established in 1972. Continuous temporal gravity and atmospheric pressure time series from the different SGs is made available to the IGETS data base hosted by ISDC (Information System and Data Center) at GFZ.The Geodetic Observatory Wettzel is located on a mountain ridge of the Bavarian Forest (longitude: 12.88 E, latitude: 49.10 N, height above MSL: 611 m). The crystalline basement of metamorphic rocks (Gneiss) in Wettzell is covered from bottom to top by weathering zones of fractured gneiss, saprolite, periglacial weathering layers and soil, with Cambisols making up the predominant soil type. The climate is temperate with mean annual precipitation of 995 mm and mean annual temperature of 7°C. Land cover in the surroundings of the observatory is dominated by a mosaic of grassland and forest, while grassland, gravel and sealed surfaces of roads and buildings alternateon the grounds of the observatory. Because of the remote, rural location the station is characterized by low environmental noise.Since 1989, an almost uninterrupted time series of gravity and barometric pressure variations was acquired with different SGs. In 1993, a series of repeated measurements with different absolute gravimeters (AG) was started.There are two gravity laboratories at station Wettzell: L1 and L2. L1 was built in 1988. It is an isolated solid building with 2 concrete pillars in separate rooms for SG and AG observations. Now each room is thermally stabilized by air-conditioning system. The new laboratory L2 is a well isolated solid building constructed in 2009. It provides 2 concrete pillars in separate rooms for SG observations and 4 concrete pillars for AG observations and comparisons in a third room. All rooms are thermally stabilized by air-conditioning systems.From November 1999 to October 2010 the dual sphere SG CD029 was operated in L1 and since June 2010 the dual sphere SG030 (after upgrade) is recording in L2. Since March 2011 the dual sphere SG029 (after upgrade) is recording data in L1 again. These data are available at the IGETS database. Earlier, TT60 (1989/09-1995/06) and SG103 (1996/04-1997/07) were installed at L1.Due to the excellent stability of the station and the facilities to inter-compare different AGs, the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell was developed as a regional comparison site which serves as a reference for the national German gravity reference system.At the area of the station, an extensive meteorological (precipitation, air temperature, humidity, wind speed and net radiation) and hydrological (ground water, soil moisture, including a weighing lysimeter) monitoring system is installed and operated in close cooperation with GFZ Potsdam. In addition, data from the superconducting gravimeter iGrav006 operated by GFZ Potsdam from March 2015 until March 2017 are available (Güntner et al., 2017: http://doi.org/10.5880/igets.we.gfz.l1.001).
The aim of the project is to improve the metrological foundation of measurements (devices and methods) for monitoring airborne radioactivity and to introduce pan-European harmonisation in data reliability for area dose rate measurements which are input to the European Radiological Data Exchange Platform (EURDEP) and other monitoring networks. One of the main aims of this project is the fastest possible determination of a potential contamination at a kBq m-2 level. Metrologically sound methods will be developed for the evaluation of correct dose rate and activity concentration data. Appropriate harmonised calibration procedures for existing radiological early warning network stations in Europe will be systematically developed in the JRP for both dose rate and airborne radioactivity stations for the first time. Novel traceable reference materials and standard sources will be developed, and proficiency tests and other comparison exercises will be performed to quantify airborne radioactivity and dosimetry data at field stations. Monte Carlo simulations of detector responses and benchmark experiments will be used for the validation of new approaches in environmental radiation monitoring. Improved detection methods and data analyses techniques will be developed to enable accurate measurements of low activity concentrations of radon (in the range from 300 Bq/m3 and below) taking account of the fact that radon contributes to the background responses of many detector systems. Moreover, and as a pure scientific application, harmonised area dose rate data will allow investigations into parameters affecting climate change, e.g. soil moisture, using the Europe-wide dose rate mappings of EURDEP.
Wildschweinfleisch ist ein Nahrungsmittel, das als Folge des Reaktorunfalls von Tschernobyl noch immerhoch kontaminiert sein kann. In einigen Gebieten der Bundesrepublik wird der Grenzwert für Radiocäsium von600 Bq/kg häufig überschritten. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens ist zum einen, die vorliegenden Messungenzur Radiocäsiumkontamination von Wildschweinen in Deutschland möglichst vollständig zu erfassen, undzum anderen, eine Landkarte mit der potenziellen Kontamination von Wildschweinen zu erstellen. Insgesamtergibt sich damit ein bundesweites Bild über die tatsächliche (Messwerte) oder mögliche (Prognosewerte)Kontamination dieser Tiere.
Objective: This project is aimed at improving current methods for monitoring contaminant distribution and biodegradation in the subsurface. Currently proven methods (based on invasive sampling of soil, soil water and gaseous phase) are unable to provide sufficiently accurate data with high enough resolution. Resulting in inability to assess of bioremediation progress and quantification of the processes involved in such bioremediation at field sites. Consequently, present assessment strategies to decide on optimal remediation approach, including design of monitoring systems, and evaluation of degradation progress, are severely flawed by uncertainty. Geophysical time-lapse measurements in combination with novel ground truthing methods give the possibility to determine: absolute contamination levels, spatial spreading, and reduced concentrations of contaminants in a heterogeneous environment. Geophysical methods of data acquisition alone are presently unable to provide absolute levels of biodegradable contamination concentrations. We aim to make improvements of fundamental constitutive relations between soil physical and degradation activity parameters and geophysically measurable parameters. Despite current improvements, there is a strong need to test these theories in practical field situations. Our project is dedicated to improving both site contamination assessment and the monitoring of bioremediation processes, and changes in soil environmental conditions. We suggest combining improved conventional soil monitoring techniques with state-of-the-art geophysical approaches. Partners in the project range from microbiologists to geophysicist, all with working experience from contaminated sites. Process studies involving lysimeters, and testing of the combination of technologies at two field sites are the major aims of the project. Focus on practical field situations and strong communication with stake-holders and SMEs will ensure high relevance for society.
Im Rahmen des Vorhabens 'Erarbeitung fachlicher Grundlagen für die Entwicklung zeit- und kosteneffektiverVerfahren zur Bestimmung von Strahlenexpositionen durch Radon in Wohnungen(3607S04534)' wurde dargelegt, wie der Radonquellterm eines Hauses zusammen mit den Ergebnissen vonLuftwechselmessungen bestimmt bzw. modelliert werden kann und welche Prognosen daraus für ein möglichesRadonrisiko abgeleitet werden können. Die Auswertung von Lang- (mehrere Monate) und Kurzzeitmessungen(1 - 2 Wochen, zeitaufgelöst) zeigte, dass passive 2-Phasenmessungen (z. B. Tag/Nacht) in Wohnräumen sehr kostengünstig sind und eine Bewertung des Radonrisikos bzw. der individuellen Exposition derHausbewohner unter Berücksichtigung der Hausnutzung auf einer guten Grundlage ermöglichen.
According to the Directive 96/29/EURATOM the monitoring of occupational radiation exposures shall base on individual measurements carried out by an approved dosimetric service. Pursuant to the European Directive an approved dosimetric service is a body responsible for the calibration, reading or interpretation of individual monitoring devices …, whose capacity to act in this respect is recognized by the competent authorities. This concept will also be applied to radon services issuing passive radon measurement devices. Passive radon measurement devices1 using solid state nuclear track detectors or electrets are recommended for individual monitoring of exposures to radon. German regulations lay down that radon measuring devices are appropriate for purposes of occupational radiation monitoring if • the devices are issued by recognized radon measurement services, and • the measurement service submits devices of the same type issued for radon monitoring to regular intercomparisons conducted by BfS. A radon measuring service is recognized by the competent authority if it proves its organizational and technical competence, e. g. by accreditation. These regulations have been introduced in the area of occupational radiation exposures. Nevertheless, it is recommended that radon measuring services which carry out radon measurements in other areas (e.g. dwellings) should subject themselves to these measures voluntarily. The interlaboratory comparisons comprise the organization,
General Information: Reductions of the dose limits in radiation protection and changes of the quality factor for densely ionizing radiations will require increased precision in area monitoring and in personal dosimetry. Tissue equivalent proportional counters are increasingly employed for this purpose. However, their routine use in radiation protection requires the variance-covariance method which is an extension of the pulse height determination in two ways: it is not restricted to radiation fields of extremely low dose rate and, unlike the variance methods, it is applicable in the time varying radiation fields that are frequently encountered in radiation protection practice. Achievements: Measurements in the field of a diagnostic X-ray tube have been performed with a 2 pulse generator. The beam was filtered with 1 mm of aluminium. The twin detector consists of 2 cylindrical proportional counters. The plastic detector walls have a thickness equivalent to 13 mm of tissue. The detector currents are integrated on capacitors. The voltage at the capacitors is digitized and the results stored on a computer. Calibration of the proportional counters was performed with an americium-241 alpha source. As a side product to this the Townsend coefficients for methane based tissue equivalent gas have been determined for a broad range of reduced field strengths. In further measurements variations of the dose averaged lineal energy, y d, during the 10 ms time interval of the high voltage pulse of the X-ray tube have been determined. In a theoretical analysis the inherent possibilities of the variance covariance method for suppression of noise and electric pickup have been examined. Several types of disturbances have been considered. Preliminary measurements have been performed in the photon and electron fields of a 20 MV linear accelerator. To cope with the high dose rate 2 improvements of the instrumentation are necessary. Increased sampling frequency will reduce the dose per sampling interval and smaller detectors will reduce the current delivered. In the experimental system, the signal processing has been improved by the implementation of faster and more accurate analogue to digital conversions (ADC) and the mechanical device for pressure stabilization in the gas flow system has been replaced by an electronic pressure control. In addition the gas flow is now adjusted by a mass flow control. Work is being done to transform a system designed for variance covariance measurements in pulsed therapeutic X-ray and electron fields into one appropriate for measurements in continuous cobalt-60 beam, regarded as an intermediate step before measuring in diagnostic X-rays. The proportional counters were found to be unsuitable for continuous beam measurements so it has been decided to apply new detectors. Ionization chambers and charge integration have been chosen to achieve a more satisfactory calibration. 2 Keithley 617 programmable electrometers together with a ...
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