In Fragebogen-Untersuchungen zur Lärmwirkung wurden bisher sehr unterschiedliche Operationalisierungen von Wirkungsvariablen (wie z.B. Belästigung, Störung von Aktivitäten) und außer-akustischen Faktoren (sog. Moderatoren wie z.B. Lärmempfindlichkeit, misfeasance) verwendet. Deshalb hat sich die Arbeitsgruppe community response der International Commission on the Biological Effects of Noise (ICBEN, Team No. 6) als langfristiges Ziel die Entwicklung von Fragebogen-Guidelines und die Formulierung eines Muster-Fragebogens für die Lärmwirkungsforschung gesetzt. D.h. es soll ein Vorschlag erarbeitet werden, in welcher Form globale und spezifische Lärmwirkungen in Befragungen erhoben werden sollten. Um dieses Vorhaben zu unterstützen, hat der Arbeitskreis Ökologische Lärmforschung die Erstellung einer systematischen Übersicht über vorhandene Fragebögen aus Lärmwirkungsstudien auf internationaler Ebene in Angriff genommen. Diese Übersicht soll es u.a. ermöglichen, die Struktur von verschiedenen Fragebögen sowie die in ihnen verwendeten Operationalisierungen für Lärmwirkungs- und Moderatorvariablen (hinsichtlich Art der Frageformulierung sowie der Antwortformate) zu vergleichen. Für den/die einzelne/n Lärmforscher/in bietet diese Übersicht die Möglichkeit, sich auf sehr effiziente Art und Weise darüber zu informieren, wie bestimmte Konstrukte in bisherigen Untersuchungen operationalisiert worden sind bzw. welche Alternativen zu den bereits selbst angewandten Operationalisierungen bestehen. Nach einer systematischen Ermittlung von Namen und Adressen einschlägiger Lärmforscher/innen, wurden diese um die Zusendung von Fragebögen sowie ergänzender Materialien aus eigenen Lärmwirkungsstudien gebeten. Die zugesandten Fragebögen werden gegebenenfalls übersetzt und mit der Methode der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Hierbei werden die Fragebögen im Hinblick auf formelle Aspekte (z.B. Jahr der Erhebung, Sprache, Art der Befragungsmethode) wie auch im Hinblick auf strukturelle Aspekte (z.B. Umfang des Fragebogens, abgefragte Variablengruppen, Antwortformate) ausgewertet. Hauptgegenstand der Auswertung ist aber insbesondere die Auswertung der Lärmwirkungsvariablen (z.B. die Abfrage der globalen Lärmbelästigung, Aktivitätenstörungen, Kommunikationsstörungen) sowie der Moderatorvariablen (z.B. Lärmempfindlichkeit, Lärmbewältigungsvermögen, misfeasance). Parallel dazu wurde eine Datenbank entwickelt, in der die Ergebnisse der Analysen dargestellt und verwaltet werden. Diese Datenbank wird ab November 2001 im Internet unter http://www.eco.psy.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/nqd für jede/n interessierte/n Forscher/in zugänglich und nutzbar sein. Langfristig ist darüber hinaus geplant, ein Archiv mit den Original-Fragebögen aufzubauen, in dem einzelne Fragebögen auf Wunsch eingesehen werden können.
SP0 is conceived for coordination of the ICON research, for internal and external scientific exchange as well as for investigating development pathways of land use on the Philippines. The SP0 team will supervise the project activities as a whole, including reporting and final synthesis. It will design the ICON homepage, establish and maintain a web-based database and present the project and its results in scientific forums and public media. It will organize collaboration and scientific exchange with international networks dealing with atmospheric processes, global carbon, nitrogen, water and energy cycles, and long-term ecological research. Specifically, SP0 is devoted to ensuring a sound integration of the ICON project within the scientific communities of Germany and SE Asia. Supported by the ICON local research coordinator based at and employed by IRRI, it will coordinate with the IRRI farm management to assist other ICON subprojects with field setup, routine data collection and technical backstopping.
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Aim of the Research: The aim of the research is multi-objective and focuses on enhancing development and utilization of water resource in a sustainable manner, where data are scarce and resources are underdeveloped. The research area is focused on Southern part of Rift Valley Region of Ethiopia, which constitutes two natural Lakes, viz. Abaya and Chamo. The objective can be collectively described as 'investigate the water resources quantity, development potential and its impacts under limited data situation using existing and new methodologies and provide guidelines that can be used for hydrological and hydraulic computations that can be used for water resources development of the research and similar areas'. Specific Objectives: The research specifically deals with the following components: - Identification of the research region named Abaya-Chamo Basin its drainage areas, rivers and lakes; - Development of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and drainage analysis using Digital Terrain Modeling (DTM) under Geographic Information System (GIS); - Investigate the morphometric characteristics combining Global Positioning System (GPS) and bathymetry survey, and there by develop the capacity curve and digital data of the two Lakes; - Development of meteorological and hydrological data base of the drainage system; - Analysis of meteorological and hydrological data and development of their regional relationships; - Development of new conceptual hydrological model for runoff computation based on developed database, which can enhance design of water projects in the research and similar areas; - Propose and develop guidelines on computations for hydrological and hydraulic design parameters of water resource projects mainly related to identified potentials; - Investigation of the existing water resources use and future development demand of the research area, based on the database and guidelines; - Investigation of the water resources development potential, with respect to satisfying the demand; - Develop the water balance models of the Lakes, and through which assess the impact of natural, man made and exploitation of the identified water resources uses.
This project is part of the large multidisciplinary CCES project RECORD (Assessment and Modeling of Coupled Ecological and Hydrological Dynamics in the Restored Corridor of the River Thur). It deals with the role of microbial transformations and plant uptake in the cycling of nitrogen in different functional processing zones of a restored section of river Thur. The results will help to gain a better understanding of the filter function of restored river corridors and of their potential to emit greenhouse gases. Main hypothesis: Nitrogen fluxes and transformations in floodplains strongly depend on the specific response of microorganisms and dominant plants in different functional processing zones to the hydrologic conditions that vary with season and flooding events. Objectives: At the example of a restored section of river Thur, we want to gain a better insight into the role of riparian systems as sink or source of nitrogen species and the potential risks for drinking water sources and atmosphere. Specific objectives: - quantify the rates of microbial nitrogen transformations within the model floodplain: comparison between different functional processing zones, temporal variations due to seasonal climatic and biological effects and flooding events, dependence on governing soil parameters (temperature, moisture, redox potential). - quantify the rates of nitrogen species uptake by model plants (Phalaris arundinacea, Salix alba): potential uptake depending on nutrient availability and nutrient balance; effects of plant age and and temporary flooding. - measure and model nitrogen species concentrations in the soil solution and nitrous oxide emissions: comparison between different functional processing zones, temporal variations due to seasonal climatic and biological effects and flooding events. Methods: - Sampling and monitoring plots with a diameter of 8m have been set-up in different functional processing zones: (i) pasture in a neighboring non-restored section, (ii) river-forest transect including weakly colonized gravel, gravel covered by fine over-bank material densely overgrown with reed grass (Phalaris arundinacea) and other herbaceous species, zone planted with willow (Salix alba) during the restoration, mixed deciduous forest dominated by ash, (iii) old riparian willow forest. - Microbial nitrogen transformation rates are determined from soil samples taken from within the plots at specific times. Mineralisation immobilisation turnover (MIT) is determined by isotopic dilution, potential denitrification by acetylen-inhibition incubation. - Specific nitrate and ammonium uptake rates by model plants are determined in hydroponic treatments in the climate chamber. - Soil respiration and trace gas efflux/influx is measured by in-situ gas sampling from within large rings permanently installed on the plots followed by GC analysis. Etc.
This request R'Equip is within the context of a research project dealing with an experimental investigation of unsaturated soils behavior under very high temperature, suction, and pressure loadings. The aims of this research program require the development of a new specific apparatus adapted to these extreme testing conditions for LMS-EPFL. Defining the thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of materials is one of the main modern issues in soil mechanics. In recent years, thermal-geomechanical problems have strongly increased as a result of the demand for new and enlarged types of applications such as high-level nuclear waste disposal, energy extraction from pressurized geothermal reservoirs, heat storage, zones around buried high-voltage cables, geothermal structures, and so on. For sure, one of the fundamental challenges in this field is an insight in the understanding of unsaturated soil behavior at high pressures and temperatures for host rocks and buffer materials for radioactive waste. Several of the leading research teams around the world have now implemented research programs in this area. The aim of the proposed research is therefore the development of a new multi-purpose triaxial cell able to perform tests on unsaturated materials for wide ranges of temperature (20-150 C) and cell pressure (up to 30 MPa) along with suction control. The LMS-EPFL is already involved in two important research projects in the field of the safety study of disposal for vitrified High Level Wastes. The TIMODAZ (Thermal Impact on the Damaged Zone around a Radioactive Waste Disposal in Clay Host Rocks) European project investigates the behavior of two host rocks (Boom Clay from Mol (Belgium) and Opalinus Clay from Mont Terri (Switzerland)) for high level waste repository and a collaboration with the NAGRA (National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste - Switzerland) characterizes the thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of granular bentonite as a buffer material. To conduct these experimental programs in the best way, the laboratories need to acquire such a triaxial cell adapted for very high thermo-hydro-mechanical loadings. The decisiveness of these experimental programs is to use the test results to define for each material the parameters of ACMEG-TS (Advanced Constitutive Model for Environmental Geomechanics) model developed by the LMS, which takes into account at the same time the temperature and the suction effects on soil behavior. This model will permit to predict the evolution of the clay host rocks or the granular bentonite in order to take into account all the thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in the safety study of disposal for vitrified High Level Wastes.
In the South-Indian city of Chennai (formerly called Madras), disastrous tropical monsoon linked with excessive precipitation frequently lead to wide-flat floods in the coastal plains. Caused by rapid urbanisation, the population in urban and periurban areas is more and more affected by these events. Besides the marginalised population living in disfavoured areas, increasingly also the more wealthy population that settles in flood prone areas is affected. Interdisciplinary assessments are needed to explain the complex causes of floods. The project analysed environmental aspects of risk exposure as well as socioeconomic aspects of risk perceptions and response strategies. By combining natural-scientific with socio-scientific approaches, a holistic perspective of the complex reasons and impacts of flooding could be covered. The project consisted of the following steps: 1. Analysis of flood risk exposure: Physio-geographic, hydrological and meteorological realities in risk areas were assessed using remote sensing (RS) data and geographical information systems (GIS). 2. Analysis of risk perception and management: Affected marginalised poor segments of the population, affected middle class groups as well as local planning authorities were interviewed to analyse local perceptions of floods and dominant management strategies. 3. Development of a flood risk map: The results of the risk assessment were integrated in an interactive flood risk map. The map - using several different layers - functions as a flood risk management tool including often neglected socioeconomic and socio-cultural parameters which reflect local vulnerability. 4. Holding of two workshops: A policy workshop with different stakeholders involved in flood management and affected by floods was held in Chennai in August 2007. This workshop was to foster communication and dialogue between different stakeholders and to create awareness on the current situation and problems in the area. A roundtable with the partners from India and organisations dealing with flood management and flood relief measures took place in October 2007 in Freiburg in order to present and discuss the findings and to strengthen future co-operation, communication and networks.
Objective: Background: There are seven projects running which are supported by the European Commission under FP5 dealing with the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Distributed Generation (DG). This cluster represents a total budget of about 35 million? More than 100 participating institutions from research, industry and the utility sector are contributing. Proposed Actions: The subject of the proposed CA is to extend the existing cluster activities in such a way that a real European added value by mobilising research will be obtained as a major contribution to the ERA. This extension will be realized by the inclusion of forthcoming projects supported by FP6 by national and regional activities. 1. A systematic exchange of information by improving links to relevant research, to regulatory bodies and to policies and schemes on the European, the national, the regional and the international level. 2. Set-up of strategic actions such as trans-national co-operation, the organization and a co-ordination of common initiatives on standards, testing procedures and the establishment of common education. 3. Identification of the highest priority research topics in the field of integration and formation of appropriate realization schemes. a) The establishment of an expert-group covering important cross-cutting areas such as power-quality, ICT/IST, laboratory experiments est.) The formation of a group of contact persons to national, regional and international policy). Set-up of a full data- and information-exchange system with links to national, regional and international information systems).
Objective: Countries in the Western Balkan region have great unexploited potential of renewable energy sources (RES), which could by efficient use significantly contribute to security of supply within the region and wider. Special care has to be devoted to sound solu tions for electricity supply of undeveloped and isolated regions due to war damage. The main objectives of the VBPC are: (i) transfer of know-how in RES technology and their implementation for isolated regions, (ii) to identify main economic and legislativ e factors influencing investment decisions in RES including barriers and local specifics, and to identify options to improve penetration of RES, and (.ii) awareness building and education on modes, means and benefits of renewable energy sources. The work w ithin the VBPC will be organized in 4 work packages (WP). First WP will deal with transfer of best practice and best technologies in RES for isolated regions, comprising energy transformation, distribution, operation and control, connection to the local ne twork, energy storage and organizational as also other implementation issues. In the second WP the regulatory framework of each WB country will be analyzed to identify barriers and local specifics. This will be archived by exchange ofinformation on establi shing incentives for promotion of RES and experiences with harmonisation with EU legislation in EU, AS and WB countries. Communication and dissemination with key focus groups (policy makers, utilities and SMEs, higher education system) will be the objectiv e of the WP3. Fore each key focus group of actors important for RES implementation in the region a special dissemination program will be carried out comprising targeted workshops, conferences, public reports and summer schools. The fourth WP will be devote d to project management issues and to support actions and activities in the first three work packages.
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