SP0 is conceived for coordination of the ICON research, for internal and external scientific exchange as well as for investigating development pathways of land use on the Philippines. The SP0 team will supervise the project activities as a whole, including reporting and final synthesis. It will design the ICON homepage, establish and maintain a web-based database and present the project and its results in scientific forums and public media. It will organize collaboration and scientific exchange with international networks dealing with atmospheric processes, global carbon, nitrogen, water and energy cycles, and long-term ecological research. Specifically, SP0 is devoted to ensuring a sound integration of the ICON project within the scientific communities of Germany and SE Asia. Supported by the ICON local research coordinator based at and employed by IRRI, it will coordinate with the IRRI farm management to assist other ICON subprojects with field setup, routine data collection and technical backstopping.
In Fragebogen-Untersuchungen zur Lärmwirkung wurden bisher sehr unterschiedliche Operationalisierungen von Wirkungsvariablen (wie z.B. Belästigung, Störung von Aktivitäten) und außer-akustischen Faktoren (sog. Moderatoren wie z.B. Lärmempfindlichkeit, misfeasance) verwendet. Deshalb hat sich die Arbeitsgruppe community response der International Commission on the Biological Effects of Noise (ICBEN, Team No. 6) als langfristiges Ziel die Entwicklung von Fragebogen-Guidelines und die Formulierung eines Muster-Fragebogens für die Lärmwirkungsforschung gesetzt. D.h. es soll ein Vorschlag erarbeitet werden, in welcher Form globale und spezifische Lärmwirkungen in Befragungen erhoben werden sollten. Um dieses Vorhaben zu unterstützen, hat der Arbeitskreis Ökologische Lärmforschung die Erstellung einer systematischen Übersicht über vorhandene Fragebögen aus Lärmwirkungsstudien auf internationaler Ebene in Angriff genommen. Diese Übersicht soll es u.a. ermöglichen, die Struktur von verschiedenen Fragebögen sowie die in ihnen verwendeten Operationalisierungen für Lärmwirkungs- und Moderatorvariablen (hinsichtlich Art der Frageformulierung sowie der Antwortformate) zu vergleichen. Für den/die einzelne/n Lärmforscher/in bietet diese Übersicht die Möglichkeit, sich auf sehr effiziente Art und Weise darüber zu informieren, wie bestimmte Konstrukte in bisherigen Untersuchungen operationalisiert worden sind bzw. welche Alternativen zu den bereits selbst angewandten Operationalisierungen bestehen. Nach einer systematischen Ermittlung von Namen und Adressen einschlägiger Lärmforscher/innen, wurden diese um die Zusendung von Fragebögen sowie ergänzender Materialien aus eigenen Lärmwirkungsstudien gebeten. Die zugesandten Fragebögen werden gegebenenfalls übersetzt und mit der Methode der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Hierbei werden die Fragebögen im Hinblick auf formelle Aspekte (z.B. Jahr der Erhebung, Sprache, Art der Befragungsmethode) wie auch im Hinblick auf strukturelle Aspekte (z.B. Umfang des Fragebogens, abgefragte Variablengruppen, Antwortformate) ausgewertet. Hauptgegenstand der Auswertung ist aber insbesondere die Auswertung der Lärmwirkungsvariablen (z.B. die Abfrage der globalen Lärmbelästigung, Aktivitätenstörungen, Kommunikationsstörungen) sowie der Moderatorvariablen (z.B. Lärmempfindlichkeit, Lärmbewältigungsvermögen, misfeasance). Parallel dazu wurde eine Datenbank entwickelt, in der die Ergebnisse der Analysen dargestellt und verwaltet werden. Diese Datenbank wird ab November 2001 im Internet unter http://www.eco.psy.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/nqd für jede/n interessierte/n Forscher/in zugänglich und nutzbar sein. Langfristig ist darüber hinaus geplant, ein Archiv mit den Original-Fragebögen aufzubauen, in dem einzelne Fragebögen auf Wunsch eingesehen werden können.
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This request R'Equip is within the context of a research project dealing with an experimental investigation of unsaturated soils behavior under very high temperature, suction, and pressure loadings. The aims of this research program require the development of a new specific apparatus adapted to these extreme testing conditions for LMS-EPFL. Defining the thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of materials is one of the main modern issues in soil mechanics. In recent years, thermal-geomechanical problems have strongly increased as a result of the demand for new and enlarged types of applications such as high-level nuclear waste disposal, energy extraction from pressurized geothermal reservoirs, heat storage, zones around buried high-voltage cables, geothermal structures, and so on. For sure, one of the fundamental challenges in this field is an insight in the understanding of unsaturated soil behavior at high pressures and temperatures for host rocks and buffer materials for radioactive waste. Several of the leading research teams around the world have now implemented research programs in this area. The aim of the proposed research is therefore the development of a new multi-purpose triaxial cell able to perform tests on unsaturated materials for wide ranges of temperature (20-150 C) and cell pressure (up to 30 MPa) along with suction control. The LMS-EPFL is already involved in two important research projects in the field of the safety study of disposal for vitrified High Level Wastes. The TIMODAZ (Thermal Impact on the Damaged Zone around a Radioactive Waste Disposal in Clay Host Rocks) European project investigates the behavior of two host rocks (Boom Clay from Mol (Belgium) and Opalinus Clay from Mont Terri (Switzerland)) for high level waste repository and a collaboration with the NAGRA (National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste - Switzerland) characterizes the thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of granular bentonite as a buffer material. To conduct these experimental programs in the best way, the laboratories need to acquire such a triaxial cell adapted for very high thermo-hydro-mechanical loadings. The decisiveness of these experimental programs is to use the test results to define for each material the parameters of ACMEG-TS (Advanced Constitutive Model for Environmental Geomechanics) model developed by the LMS, which takes into account at the same time the temperature and the suction effects on soil behavior. This model will permit to predict the evolution of the clay host rocks or the granular bentonite in order to take into account all the thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in the safety study of disposal for vitrified High Level Wastes.
Background: Within the framework of MONITRAF, work package 5 deals with road traffic related effects on the alpine space from the sustainability point of view. Public health impacts will be evaluated among other topics. Established methods to quantify public health impact from road traffic exist for large scale assessments on a national base (e.g. trinational impact assessment study for Switzerland, Austria and France). Such assessments are done by transferring the results from large scale cohort studies on the exposure situation of the region of interest. Methodologically more demanding are small-scale impact assessments along the transit axis. The application of such established large scale assessments is methodologically questionable. However, an alternative method has not been recognized as a number of scientific questions have not been solved yet. Objectives: Main goal of the public health project is to coordinate ongoing studies on health effect from transit traffic: Department for Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Innsbruck; Dr. Lercher: Brenner Basistunnel; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Basel, Dr. Hazenkamp & Dr. Rapp: Gotthard Transitverkehr; Published health impact assessment studies of air pollution and noise will be analysed and applicability of the methods in the given context will be evaluated and the data prerequisite will be clarified. Available data which is needed for an impact assessment will be evaluated. Based on data availability and methodological considerations a method to assess public health impact from transit traffic will be proposed. Work steps: - To obtain an overview of ongoing research activities in Innsbruck and Basel (e.g. to organize a joint meeting). - To summarize published results from those ongoing studies and to give an overview of future results which can be expected. - Systematic literature search of traffic related health impact assessment studies and evaluation of their methodologies with respect to applicability within MONITRAF. - Evaluation of exposure concepts or indicator measurements which may serve as base for a health impact assessment study of air pollution (e.g. different kind of pollutant, long term mean levels, short term pollution levels, distance to the road, effect of air pollution intervention studies) - Evaluation of exposure concepts or indicator measurements which may serve as base for a health impact assessment study of noise (mean dB(A), variation, distance to the road, etc.) - Coordination of the module 'noise and air quality' of work package 5 with respect to the assessment of possible useful indicator measurements from a health effect perspective as well as the availability of such data. - To clarify the data availability for suitable health impact assessment study methods. - To propose a suitable method for a health impact study of alpine road traffic and design the study.
Objective: The European Parlament and Council has established new standards of tolerance versus traffic noise: reduction of dB(A) to current standards. To meet these improved environmental standards, more effective noise barriers are requested, better noise abatement technologies, new absorptive materials and higher sound screens, eventually tunnels will be necessary. Noise harassment is widely the cause of mental depression and physical exhaustion of people. It is one of the biggest challenge of human sanity in towns and country. Our project is dealing with noise protection walls with improved noise shielding abilities through special shaping and new absorptive qualities of material and construction. Objectives: To achieve essential improvements of the shielding performance, acoustic quality and psycho-acoustic performance and innovative design of noise barriers are objectives of this project. Building up on the so far reached innovation and improved effect, we want to: - Focus on further development of innovative designs, constructions, materials and effects increasing the shielding efficiency of noise barriers. - Study acoustic phenomena of, and inside sound barriers in theory and practical application. - Scientific evidence of the refraction edge performance of different shapes, materials and dimensions: extinction and/or modulation of noise by interference. - Search and evaluate new materials and surfaces (introducing nanotechnology) in their absorbtive or interference behaviour. - Create and evaluate new designs: optical appearance and attractive design - Psycho-acoustic performance: less and friendly noise sensation. - Rigid function within overall road and track design; heavy duty, high durability, climatic resistance, shock resistance and crash performance.
Objective: Countries in the Western Balkan region have great unexploited potential of renewable energy sources (RES), which could by efficient use significantly contribute to security of supply within the region and wider. Special care has to be devoted to sound solu tions for electricity supply of undeveloped and isolated regions due to war damage. The main objectives of the VBPC are: (i) transfer of know-how in RES technology and their implementation for isolated regions, (ii) to identify main economic and legislativ e factors influencing investment decisions in RES including barriers and local specifics, and to identify options to improve penetration of RES, and (.ii) awareness building and education on modes, means and benefits of renewable energy sources. The work w ithin the VBPC will be organized in 4 work packages (WP). First WP will deal with transfer of best practice and best technologies in RES for isolated regions, comprising energy transformation, distribution, operation and control, connection to the local ne twork, energy storage and organizational as also other implementation issues. In the second WP the regulatory framework of each WB country will be analyzed to identify barriers and local specifics. This will be archived by exchange ofinformation on establi shing incentives for promotion of RES and experiences with harmonisation with EU legislation in EU, AS and WB countries. Communication and dissemination with key focus groups (policy makers, utilities and SMEs, higher education system) will be the objectiv e of the WP3. Fore each key focus group of actors important for RES implementation in the region a special dissemination program will be carried out comprising targeted workshops, conferences, public reports and summer schools. The fourth WP will be devote d to project management issues and to support actions and activities in the first three work packages.
Phase I: September 2009 - August 2012. Phase II: September 2012 - August 2015. BIOACID - Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, deals with the questions of 1. What are the effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms and their habitat, 2. What are the underlying mechanisms of responses and possible adaptations on the level of populations and communities, how are they modulated by other environmental stressors, and 3. What are the consequences for marine ecosystems, ocean biogeochemical cycles, and possible feedbacks to the climate system? Our group will further develop the ecological-economic viability-method towards a general approach for integrated assessment of human actions influencing ocean acidification and the consequences for human well-being that takes uncertainties about future development into account.
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