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Die Europa 2020 Strategie der Europäischen Kommission sieht die Verbesserung der Ressourceneffizienz als Leitinitiative vor, um eine intelligentes, nachhaltiges und integratives Wachstum in Europa zu erreichen. Diese Leitinitiative hat enge Verbindungen zur Rohstoffinitiative und der Leitinitiative Innovationsunion. In diesem Zusammenhang steht das oberste Ziel des Projekts DESIRE, einen optimalen Satz von Indikatoren zu entwickeln und anzuwenden, um den Fortschritt in Richtung Ressourceneffizienz zu verzeichnen. DESIRE verwendet dafür eine Kombination von Zeitreihen umweltrelevanter Input-Output Daten (environmentally extended input-output data, EE IO) und dem DPSIR Indikatoren-Rahmen. Mit diesem Ansatz wird ein einziger Datensatz benutzt, der es erlauben wird, konsistente Indikatoren für Ressourceneffizienz zu konstruieren, um die Perspektiven EU, Mitgliedstaat, Sektor, Produktgruppe als auch Produktion und Konsum einschließlich der Auswirkungen auf andere Länder außerhalb der EU zu integrieren. Daher wird das Projekt: a) die Datenverfügbarkeit verbessern; insbesondere durch die Schaffung von EE IO Zeitreihen und aktuellen Berechnungen durch die Nutzung von Eurostat Daten und Daten aus den Forschungsdatenbanken (EXIOPOL, CREEA, AP 5). b) die Berechnungsmethoden für Indikatoren verbessern, die nach wie vor wissenschaftlicher Robustheit entbehren, insbesondere im Bereich der biologischen Vielfalt/Ökosystemfunktionen (AP 7) als auch die Entwicklung von neuen Referenzindikatoren, um ökonomischen Erfolg zu messen (AP 8 'Beyond GDP and Value Added'). c) ausdrücklich das Problem der Indikatorenverbreitung und der eingeschränkten Verfügbarkeit von statistisch gesicherten Daten. DESIRE wird einen kleinstmöglichen Satz von Indikatoren entwickeln, die gegenseitig unabhängige Informationen liefern und aufzeigen, wie abgekürzte Verfahren der (statistischen) Dateninventorisierung angewendet werden können ohne die Datenqualität zu beeinträchtigen. Das Projekt umfasst weiterhin Politikanalyse und konzeptionelle Indikatorenentwicklung durch interaktives 'Makeln' (AP 2-4). Daten und Indikatoren werden der EU 'Gruppe der Vier' (Eurostat, GD Umwelt, Joint Research Centre, Europäische Umweltagentur) übergeben. Das Wuppertal Institut wird die Makel-Aktivitäten (AP 2) als auch die Erkundung von alternativen Referenzindikatoren (AP 8) leiten. Das Institut wird auch eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entwicklung von EE-IO Zeitreihen (AP 5) und von Indikatoren für kritische Rohstoffe (AP 6) spielen.
AMAZALERT will enable raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate, society, land-use change, vegetation change, water availability and policies in Amazonia. We will: 1) analyze and improve coupled models of global climate and Amazon, land use, vegetation and socio-economic drivers to quantify anthropogenic and climate induced land-use and land cover change and non-linear, irreversible feedbacks among these components 2) assess the role of regional and global policies and societal responses in the Amazon region for altering the trajectory of land-use change in the face of climate change and other anthropogenic factors and finally 3) propose i) an Early Warning System for detecting any imminent irreversible loss of Amazon ecosystem services, ii) policy response strategies to prevent such loss. We first prioritise the functions of Amazonia and threats to these. We then will analyse uncertainties in biogeochemistry, land cover (vegetation), land-use change and regional hydrology, as well as nonlinear responses and feedbacks using existing and new simulations from state of the art models in which land surface is coupled to global climate. The way in which policies and possible future response strategies of policy makers, trade and economy will affect land-use change will be modelled. This will lead to (A) understanding the impact on and effectiveness of a range of international and regional policy options, including REDD+; and (B) identification of both biophysical and socio-economic indicators of irreversible change. AMAZALERT integrates the multidisciplinary knowledge and research of world-renowned, highly influential climate, land cover, land use change scientists and also policy analysts from 14 European and South-American institutions that have been collaborating for 10 to 30 years. Thus, this project can achieve maximum impact on EU (2020 climate goals), international and South-American strategies, including REDD
Water is essential for life. This element supposes also a determinant factor in the economy and ecology of the different regions. But water not only has influence in the human life, humans also affect to water cycle. The human activity is responsible of the climate change by which the Mediterranean region is being affected by drought and water shortage. Water shortage in Mediterranea countries is becoming an essential question. The domestic sector accounted for about 24 percent of total water withdrawn in Europe in 2000, which is about 7,320,00ML. In fact, toilet flushing supposes 30Prozent of the domestic use of urban water. The consume of such amount of water could be avoided using dry toilets, it is calculated saving of 50L/cap/day. In addition, it is estimated more than 20 million citizens without access to a safe sanitation in Europe. This situation is critical in rural areas of eastern European, where the most common system in these areas usually consist of pit latrines and septic tanks. Dry toilets are common in Nordic countries but their rustic technology makes them unacceptable in urban or large communities. At present dry toilets implies several factors, such as unpleasant odours and the manual manipulation of the latrine waste, which makes them unviable in most of urban environments. Also, there are other problems of drytoilets such as struvite formation on pipe connections. But this situation can be changed by applying the technical innovations that will be developed in this project. In adittion, the project?s success will allow the possibility to save important drinking water (1,875L/cap/year). This will be of essential importance in the Mediterranean countries, where the drought menace is each time more obvious. The use of dry toilets in rural areas with poor infrastructure will have safe sanitation systems to citizens DRYCLOSET project will develop a new dry toilet with a biocide toilet, low bad odours emissions and low maintenance.
Objective: BioEcoSIM comprises R&D and demonstration of an integrated approach and business model that has wide EU27 applicability in the agriculture sector. The new European Bio-economy Strategy aims to increase the use of bio-based raw materials. Thus, large quantities of fertilisers will be required. Therefore, this project targets to produce sustainable soil improving products that can be easily handled, transported, and applied. BioEcoSIM will valorise livestock manure as an important example of valuable bio-waste into 1) pathogen-free, P-rich organic soil amendment (P-rich biochar), 2) slow releasing mineral fertilisers and 3) reclaimed water. By doing this, we will i) reduce negative environmental impacts (eutrophication of water bodies, and NH3 and N2O emissions) in intensive livestock regions, ii) help to decrease NH3 produced by the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process, (iii) mitigate EUs dependency on the depleting mineral sources for P-fertilisers, (iv) increase water efficiency use in agriculture and (v) support European Strategies and Directives, while generating economic benefits in the agriculture and bio-economy sector. The project will combine three innovative technologies 1) superheated steam drying and non-catalytic pyrolysis to convert carbon in manure into P-rich biochar and syngas, 2) electrolytic precipitation of struvite and calcium phosphate and 3) selective separation and recovery of NH3 by gas-permeable membrane. Energy required in-process will be generated through combustion of syngas, thus reducing the pressure on finite fossil fuel. Water reclaimed from manure will be utilised for livestock production and/or irrigation. The sustainability of this approach will be validated against standards ISO14040 and ISO14044. Implementation of the R&D results will help fulfil the need for economically viable and environmentally benign practices in European agriculture to move towards a more resource-efficient and circular economy.
Objective: Integrated assessment and energy-economy models have become central tools for informing long-term global and regional climate mitigation strategies. There is a large demand for improved representations of complex system interactions and thorough validation of model behaviour in order to increase user confidence in climate policy assessments. ADVANCE aims to respond to this demand by facilitating the development of a new generation of integrated assessment models. This will be achieved by substantial progress in key areas where model improvements are greatly needed: end use and energy service demand; representation of heterogeneity, behaviour, innovation and consumer choices; technical change and uncertainty; system integration, path dependencies and resource constraints; and economic impacts of mitigation policies. In the past, methodological innovations and improvements were hindered by the unavailability of suitable input data. The ADVANCE project will make a large and coordinated effort to generate relevant datasets. These datasets, along with newly developed methodologies, will be made available to the broader scientific community as open-access resources. ADVANCE will also put a focus on improved model transparency, model validation, and data handling. A central objective of ADVANCE is to evaluate and to improve the suitability of models for climate policy impact assessments. The improved models will be applied to an assessment of long-term EU climate policy in a global context, and disseminated to the wider community. The ADVANCE consortium brings together long-standing expertise in integrated assessment and energy-economy modelling with a strong expertise in material flows, energy system integration, and energy service demand.
Objective: The ECOWAMA Project proposes a new eco-efficient closed cycle management model for the treatment of effluents of the metal and plastic surface processing industry (STM). Such STM waste water is extensively contaminated with oils and greases, organic loading, a salt fraction and especially with heavy metals (e.g. nickel, copper, zinc and others). Hence STM enterprises have high interest on efficient, cost-effective and sustainable treatment of their effluents. ECOWAMAs approach combines wastewater treatment with recovery of ultrapure water, highly valuable metals and energy. Therefore an environmental friendly, effective and innovative system will be developed including Electrocoagulation, Electrooxidation and Electrowinning technologies. Additionally hydrogen produced during Electrocoagulation/Electrooxidation processes will be used to deal as feed for fuel cells to generate electricity which reduces the energy demand of the whole process. Pre- and post-treatment will be carried out to remove oils/greases and conductivity. The heavy metals will be separated from the waste water stream through an electro-precipitation process. After metal dissolution from precipitation sludge a novel electrowinning process using novel electrodes, optimised geometry and process management will reduce the dissolved metal ions to a solid aggregate state with high purity. The outcome of this is a valuable raw material that can be easily sold or reused for STM operations. Due to the extremely high level of prices for metals at the global market ECOWAMAs participants and post-project clients will have strong economic benefits beside the positive environmental impacts of the process.
Objective: The science of complex systems distinguishes linear from non-linear dynamics. Simpler systems can often be satisfactory described by linear models, but complex systems require non-linear models that can capture more of the characteristics of such systems, such as thresholds, feedback loops, avalanche effects, and irreversibility. Linear systems can be validated by aligning models to the past and using the model to predict the future. Non-linear systems, however, are often time-asymmetric - they can be explained with the wisdom of hindsight, but are not always predictable. For example, systems may respond sharply to minor perturbations, and the quality of this response is a measure of the system resilience. In practice, non-linear dynamics are significant both at the micro-scale of small history and at the macro-scale of deep time. The brilliant young scientist, for example, may experience a series of epiphanies that change his/her understanding and behaviour in an unpredictable and irreversible way. The scientific community as a whole may experience an innovation-cascade that has a similar effect on a much larger scale. Current models of climate change and carbon emission assume the immediate past is a reasonable guide to the future. They struggle to represent the complex causal structures and time-asymmetries of many socio-natural systems. COMPLEX will integrate the quasi-classic models of meso-scale processes with our best understanding of fine-grained space-time patterns and the system-flips that are likely to occur in the long interval between now and 2050. We believe the sub-national region is the key point of entry for studying climate change and its cause-effect interrelations. It is small enough to be sensitive to local factors, large enough to interact with supra-national agencies and stable enough to be historically and culturally distinctive. In addition to undertaking case studies in Norway, Sweden, Netherlands, Spain and Italy, We will develop a suite of modelling tools and decision-support systems to inform national and supra-national policy and support communities across Europe working to make the transition to a low-carbon economy.
Objective: The project will construct a theoretical framework for the analysis of resource efficiency, with detailed comparison of the trends and policies at EU and Member State (MS) level, cross-country econometric analysis to derive resource-reduction cost curves, and an analysis of business barriers to resource efficiency; thereby developing an enhanced understanding of the drivers of inefficient resource use. This will lead to an exploration of new concepts and paradigms that can bring about a radical increase in resource efficiency, and a vision for a resource-efficient economy in the EU, with suggestions also for new more resource-efficient business models for firms, and ideas for a global governance regime that can promote resource-efficient economies among the EU's trading partners and more widely will be explored. From its new vision for a resource-efficient Europe, the project will propose new policy mixes, business models and mechanisms of global governance through which resource-efficient economies may be promoted. This will lead in turn to intensive work on creating, modelling and visualising scenarios for the emergence of resource-efficient economies, through linking quantitative economic and ecological models, and simulating the policies and policy mixes derived in the earlier work, supplemented with appropriate LCA analysis for selected products and sectors, to ensure that the policies and business models in the scenarios lead to adequate absolute decoupling of economic activity from resource use and environmental degradation. The scenarios and associated policy analysis will be given an integrated interpretation across economic, ecological and social dimensions. The project will be explicitly geared to support policy efforts and initiatives on resource efficiency in the European Commission, and will involve a wide range of stakeholders from business, the policy world, and NGOs. The results will be widely disseminated in a variety of innovative ways.
Objective: The project ORCHESTRA has the main aim to disseminate and exploit the European research activities dealing with computer models for the environment. These models have a huge potentiality for dissemination, for their nature, based on information technologies. This area is multidisciplinary, because it deals with environmental science, health, chemistry and information technology. The general impact of information technology is proceeding in an exponential way. Specific use is often limited by a poor knowledge about the availability of suitable tools, cultural scepticism, and lack of training. We will address the strategies for a broad, systematic dissemination and exploitation of the research results of a number of EU projects. Specific dissemination and exploitation measures will be identified for the different stakeholders, including regulators, industry, citizens, international bodies, scientific and other associations. Dissemination towards regulators of all EU member and associated states will be provided. We will also address industry, with special attention to SME, which may gain from the software we are dealing with. We will communicate to citizens, their associations, scientists and other publics with different tools. In the consortium we have representatives of all major stakeholders involved, and a number of partners expert in efficient communication strategies. A sustainable strategy will result from the project. The software products from the different projects will be organised in a web-based system open to the public for continuous access and promotion. Links with other initiatives will exploit results at the regulatory level and in the information technology community, making results living and evolving. The mathematic approach we will disseminate will be also useful to generate simple indicators of regulation impact. ORCHESTRA will promote a repository of software and databases, suitable for updated information on European research on chemicals.
Objective: The aim of this project is to turn 4 core communities (Germany, Austria, Luxemburg, Poland) with clearly defined system borders and 14 - 20.000 inhabitants each into CONCERTO communities. A mix of different EE and RES demonstrations (including refurbishment of old buildings, eco-buildings and polygeneration, all underpinned with complete business plans) will allow to avoid about 300 GWh/yr end energy from fossil sources, thus avoiding 94.000 tons CO2/yr, and saving 22.9 mio Euro/yr of disbursements for extra-communal electricity and heat deliveries. The application of the Decentralised Energy Management System (DEMS) will allow for local and inter-communal operation, monitoring and control of energy consumption, storage and generation units and grids, including DSM and LCP, thereby exploring a EE potential of at least 5Prozent. The target in RES coverage for 2010 is of resp. 39 to 62Prozent of the then remaining electricity and heat demand. EnerMAS, a low-threshold version of the European environmental management system.
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